Improving the Effectiveness of Adjuvants: Targeting Innate Immune Receptors with a Special Focus on Toll-like Receptor Agonists

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 PhD candidate, Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine AND Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

The development of potent and safe adjuvants for generating vaccines capable of inducing protective and long lasting immunity has become an expanding field in vaccine development. At the same time, the discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other innate immune receptors, which can bridge the innate immune responses and adaptive immunity, is offering unexampled opportunities for using the agonists of these receptors for developing novel adjuvants. TLRs are among the most important receptors that have been studied for identifying and using of their agonists to induce innate immune responses. TLRs agonists are being employed for the treatment of cancer, allergies and viral infections, and as adjuvants for vaccine improvement to prevent or treat cancer and infectious diseases. Here we review approaches to the discovery and development of immunostimulatory compounds and vaccine formulations that target the innate immune responses. After introducing TLRs biology and their involvement in immune activation, the use of their agonists as adjuvants is discussed. Keywords: Innate immunity, Toll-like receptors, Vaccination, Immunologic adjuvants
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 30, Issue 214 - Serial Number 214
September and October 2013
Pages 1986-2009

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 August 2012
  • Revise Date: 01 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

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