Association of Sociodemographic Characteristic with Factors Related to Cigarette Abstinence in Isfahanian Smokers, Iran

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch AND Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 General Practitioner, Health Center Number 2, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

5 Student of Medicine, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran

6 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Previous researches has identified sociodemographic factor as an anticipating for cigarette abstinence. The present study aimed to examine the association of sociodemographic factors including failed cessation, duration of cessation and dependency to nicotine with cigarette abstinence.Methods: This cross-sectional study performed with 673 participants who attended clinic for cessation during 2009-2011. Participants filled some questionnaires about sociodemographic factors including age, marital status, education, income, job and Fagerström questionnaire for nicotine dependency.Findings: Duration of cessation for more than 6 month was related to more cigarette consumption per day also more than 30 cigarette per day. Marital status, lower cigarette per day, more years of consumption and foreigner brand were associated with failed cessation. Lower educational level, more cigarettes per day, more years of consumption, more nicotine concentration, any quit attempt and loss of any entertainment and enjoy in life were related to sever Fagerström condition.Conclusion: More cigarette consumption, older age, lower years of consumption, and moderate dependency to nicotine were related to successful cigarette abstinence.

Keywords

References

  1. Istituto Superiore di Sanità: Osservatorio Fumo, Alcol e Droga: Pubblicazioni: Smettere di fumare [Online]. [cited 2010 Jan 27]; Available from: URL: http://www.iss.it/ofad/publ/cont.php? id=177 and tipo=6 and lang=1
  2. Donato F, Boffetta P, Fazioli R, Aulenti V, Gelatti U, Porru S. Bladder cancer, tobacco smoking, coffee and alcohol drinking in Brescia, northern Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1997; 13(7): 795-800.
  3. WHO atlas maps global tobacco epidemic. Public Health Rep 2002; 117: 479-82.
  4. WHO Atlas maps global tobacco epidemic. Cent Eur J Public Health 2003; 11(2): 106.
  5. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011. [Online]. [cited 2011]; Available from: URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2011/WHO_NMH_TFI_11.3_eng.pdf
  6. Tobacco use--United States, 1900-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999; 48(43): 986-93.
  7. Tengs TO, Adams ME, Pliskin JS, Safran DG, Siegel JE, Weinstein MC, et al. Five-hundred life-saving interventions and their cost-effectiveness. Risk Anal 1995; 15(3): 369-90.
  8. Picco L, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Smoking and nicotine dependence in Singapore: findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2012; 41(8): 325-34.
  9. Salameh P, Khayat G, Waked M. The lebanese cigarette dependence (LCD) score: a comprehensive tool for cigarette dependence assessment. Int J Behav Med 2014; 21(2): 385-93.
  10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. How tobacco smoke causes disease: the biology and behavioral basis for smoking-attributable disease: a report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2010.
  11. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991; 86(9): 1119-27.
  12. Escobedo LG, Anda RF, Smith PF, Remington PL, Mast EE. Sociodemographic characteristics of cigarette smoking initiation in the United States. Implications for smoking prevention policy. JAMA 1990; 264(12): 1550-5.
  13. Pierce JP, Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Hatziandreu EJ, Davis RM. Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. Educational differences are increasing. JAMA 1989; 261(1): 56-60.
  14. Nagelhout GE, de Korte-de BD, Kunst AE, van der Meer RM, de VH, van Gelder BM, et al. Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey. BMC Public Health 2012; 12: 303.
  15. Tsai AC, Lin YA, Tsai HJ. Predictors of smoking cessation in 50-66-year-old male Taiwanese smokers: a 7-year national cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55(2): 295-300.
  16. Abdullah AS, Ho LM, Kwan YH, Cheung WL, McGhee SM, Chan WH. Promoting smoking cessation among the elderly: what are the predictors of intention to quit and successful quitting? J Aging Health 2006; 18(4): 552-64.
  17. Duncan CL, Cummings SR, Hudes ES, Zahnd E, Coates TJ. Quitting smoking: reasons for quitting and predictors of cessation among medical patients. J Gen Intern Med 1992; 7(4): 398-404.
  18. Kaplan MS, Newsom JT, McFarland BH. Older adults' contact with health practitioners: is there an association with smoking practices? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002; 57(6): M343-M346.
  19. Lam TH, He Y, Shi QL, Huang JY, Zhang F, Wan ZH, et al. Smoking, quitting, and mortality in a Chinese cohort of retired men. Ann Epidemiol 2002; 12(5): 316-20.
  20. Rohsenow DJ, Martin RA, Tidey JW, Monti PM, Colby SM. Comparison of the cigarette dependence scale with four other measures of nicotine involvement: correlations with smoking history and smoking treatment outcome in smokers with substance use disorders. Addict Behav 2013; 38(8): 2409-13.
  21. Difranza JR, Wellman RJ, Savageau JA. Does progression through the stages of physical addiction indicate increasing overall addiction to tobacco? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219(3): 815-22.
  22. Russell MA. Cigarette dependence. I. Nature and classification. Br Med J 1971; 2(5757): 330-1.
  23. Russell MA. Cigarette smoking: natural history of a dependence disorder. Br J Med Psychol 1971; 44(1): 1-16.
  24. Hughes JR. Effects of abstinence from tobacco: valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine Tob Res 2007; 9(3): 315-27.
  25. Schnoll RA, Goren A, Annunziata K, Suaya JA. The prevalence, predictors and associated health outcomes of high nicotine dependence using three measures among US smokers. Addiction 2013; 108(11): 1989-2000.
  26. Zhu BP, Giovino GA, Mowery PD, Eriksen MP. The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: implications for categorizing persons' educational status. Am J Public Health 1996; 86(11): 1582-9.
  27. Faseru B, Nollen NL, Mayo MS, Krebill R, Choi WS, Benowitz NL, et al. Predictors of cessation in African American light smokers enrolled in a bupropion clinical trial. Addict Behav 2013; 38(3): 1796-803.
  28. Chandola T, Head J, Bartley M. Socio-demographic predictors of quitting smoking: how important are household factors? Addiction 2004; 99(6): 770-7.
  29. Kim YN, Cho YG, Kim CH, Kang JH, Park HA, Kim KW, et al. Socioeconomic indicators associated with initiation and cessation of smoking among women in Seoul. Korean J Fam Med 2012; 33(1): 1-8.
  30. John U, Meyer C, Rumpf HJ, Hapke U. Smoking, nicotine dependence and psychiatric comorbidity--a population-based study including smoking cessation after three years. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004; 76(3): 287-95.
  31. Lasser K, Boyd JW, Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU, McCormick D, Bor DH. Smoking and mental illness: a population-based prevalence study. JAMA 2000; 284(20): 2606-10.
  32. Baker TB, Piper ME, McCarthy DE, Majeskie MR, Fiore MC. Addiction motivation reformulated: an affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychol Rev 2004; 111(1): 33-51.
  33. Grant BF, Hasin DS, Chou SP, Stinson FS, Dawson DA. Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61(11): 1107-15.
  34. Shiffman S, Waters A, Hickcox M. The nicotine dependence syndrome scale: a multidimensional measure of nicotine dependence. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6(2): 327-48.
  35. Etter JF. Comparing the validity of the cigarette dependence scale and the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 95(1-2): 152-9.
  36. Myung SK, Seo HG, Cheong YS, Park S, Lee WB, Fong GT. Association of sociodemographic factors, smoking-related beliefs, and smoking restrictions with intention to quit smoking in Korean adults: findings from the ITC Korea Survey. J Epidemiol 2012; 22(1): 21-7.
  37. Nordstrom BL, Kinnunen T, Utman CH, Krall EA, Vokonas PS, Garvey AJ. Predictors of continued smoking over 25 years of follow-up in the normative aging study. Am J Public Health 2000; 90(3): 404-6.
  38. Levy DT, Romano E, Mumford E. The relationship of smoking cessation to sociodemographic characteristics, smoking intensity, and tobacco control policies. Nicotine Tob Res 2005; 7(3): 387-96.
  39. Memon A, Moody PM, Sugathan TN, el-Gerges N, al-Bustan M, al-Shatti A, et al. Epidemiology of smoking among Kuwaiti adults: prevalence, characteristics, and attitudes. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78(11): 1306-15.
  40. Pierce JP. International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence. Am J Public Health 1989; 79(2): 152-7.
  41. Campion P, Owen L, McNeill A, McGuire C. Evaluation of a mass media campaign on smoking and pregnancy. Addiction 1994; 89(10): 1245-54.
  42. Tramacere I, Gallus S, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Colombo P, La VC. Smoking in young and adult population, Italy 2009. Tumori 2011; 97(4): 423-7.
  43. Burns DM, Major JM, Shanks TG. Changes in number of cigarettes smoked per day: cross-sectional and birth cohort analyses using NHIS. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph 2003; 15: 83-99.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 32, Issue 297 - Serial Number 297
July and August 2014
Pages 1278-1290

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 May 2014
  • Revise Date: 01 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics