The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background: Influenza is considered as a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. In recent years, with the rise of drug-resistant strains, antiviral property of herb natural components with fewer side effects is of great importance. In this study, the potential antiviral activity of Sambucus nigra fruit was evaluated in human epithelium cell (A549) cultures infected with influenza virus.Methods: The aqueous extract of Sambucus nigra fruit was prepared and the cytotoxic concentration of the extract on A549 cells was determined. Subsequently, the 50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of various herbal extract concentrations for inhibiting the replication of influenza virus and the selective index (SI) were assessed following pre-treatment (before the virus attachment to cells or direct effect) and post-treatment (after virus absorption to cells or indirect effect) procedures. Inhibitory effect of the herb on virus replication was examined via using virus titration and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR).Findings: The concentration of 82.6 μg/ml was the threshold dose of the substance that did not cause a cytotoxic effect against the cells. The estimated selective index of the extract before cellular attachment (15.10 μg/ml), increased viral titer as well as synthesized viral nucleoprotein RNAs indicating that the herb had no direct inhibitory effects on viral hemagglutinin activity. In post-treatment, the higher estimated selective index, a significant decrease was seen in virus titer and viral nucleoprotein copy numbers confirming that the herb inhibited virion budding and release activities.Conclusion: The results suggest that Sambucus nigra treatment of the influenza virus infected-human epithelial cells may affect either inhibition of virus particle release or involving in cellular lipid raft function. Mechanism of this interaction will be investigated in future studies.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 33, Issue 352 - Serial Number 352
July and August 2015
Pages 1607-1617

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History

  • Receive Date: 08 June 2015
  • Revise Date: 02 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

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