Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan
Abstract
Ormandibular Dystonia is a kind of focal dystonia in later adult life with a peak age of onset in decade. Women are affected more frequently than men. The most common type is characterized by forceful opening of the jaw, retraction of the lips, spasm of the platisma; also protrusion of the tongue jaw may be clamped shut and the lips may purse. Other patterns include lateral jaw deviation and bruxism.
Blepharospasm may be accompanied by oromandibular dystonia that called cranial dystonia or Meige syndrome. Because the act of speaking and eating can activate the dystonia, patients may have dysarthria and dysphagia. Injection of Botulism toxin is very helpful treatment for focal dystonia like oromandibular dystonia.
Toxin is injected in maseter, petyrigoid and other overactive muscles in lower face region.
Oromandibular dystonia may have a genetic basis or hyper metabolism of the basal ganglia, cerebellum and supplementary motor area.
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