Effects of Yoga on Depression in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Sport Injury, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Sport Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

5 MSc, Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

6 Lecturer. Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive disease which influences the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of nervous system and women are diagnosed with the disease 2 to 3 times more frequently than men. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influences of yoga on depression in women with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Thirty women with multiple sclerosis from Isfahan multiple sclerosis Association volunteered to participate in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people: control (age: 31.06 ± 9.7 y; height: 159.46 ± 3.83 cm; and weight: 59.1 ± 11.37 kg) and experimental (age: 35.73 ± 8.3 y; height: 161.9 ± 4.46 cm; and weight 59.53 ± 10.48 kg). The experimental group practiced yoga for 8 weeks (two sessions a week) under the supervision of a yoga teacher in class, and also one session a week at home for 60-75 minutes, while the control group performed only their everyday activities. The depressions of all subjects were evaluated at the beginning and in the end of the study using Beck questionnaire. Date was analyzed using student t-test. Finding: The depression in the experimental group decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of yoga. No significant change was observed in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that yoga can be considered as a useful modality in treatment of the depression disorder in women with multiple sclerosis.

Keywords

References

  1. Kishiyama S, Carlsen J, Lawrence J, Small E, Zajdel D, Oken B. Yoga as an Experimental Intervention for Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Yoga Therapy 2002; 12(1): 57-62.
  2. Sahraeian MA. [Online]. 2010 .[cited 2010 Apr 10]; Available from: URL:
  3. http://khabarhayemsdariran.blogspot.com/2010/04/300.html/
  4. Noonan CW, Kathman SJ, White MC. Prevalence estimates for MS in the United States and evidence of an increasing trend for women. Neurology 2002; 58(1): 136-8.
  5. National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Consortium of multiple sclerosis centers. [Online]. [cited 2006 Apr 10]; Available from: URL: http://www.MScare.org/
  6. Stern M. Aging with multiple sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2005; 16(1): 219-34.
  7. Stachowiak J. Multiple sclerosis symptoms overview [Online]. [cited 2010 Mar 10]; Available from: URL:
  8. http://ms.about.com/od/signssymptoms/a/ms_symptoms.htm/
  9. Dalton EJ, Heinrichs RW. Depression in multiple sclerosis: a quantitative review of the evidence. Neuropsychology 2005; 19(2): 152-8.
  10. Little N. Depression treatment options. [Online]. [cited 2007 Jan 1]. Available from: URL: http://www.insightjournal.com/
  11. Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Richardson J. Yoga for depression: the research evidence. J Affect Disord 2005; 89(1-3): 13-24.
  12. Sadock BJ, Kaplan HI, Sadock VA. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003.
  13. Smith C, Hancock H, Blake-Mortimer J, Eckert K. A randomised comparative trial of yoga and relaxation to reduce stress and anxiety. Complement Ther Med 2007; 15(2): 77-83.
  14. Dalgas U, Stenager E, Ingemann-Hansen T. Multiple sclerosis and physical exercise: recommendations for the application of resistance-, endurance- and combined training. Mult Scler 2008; 14(1): 35-53.
  15. Walker ID, Gonzalez EW. Review of intervention studies on depression in persons with multiple sclerosis. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2007; 28(5): 511-31.
  16. Oken BS, Kishiyama S, Zajdel D, Bourdette D, Carlsen J, Haas M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of yoga and exercise in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2004; 62(11): 2058-64.
  17. Velikonja O, Curic K, Ozura A, Jazbec SS. Influence of sports climbing and yoga on spasticity, cognitive function, mood and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112(7): 597-601.
  18. Campbell D, Moore K. Yoga as a preventative and treatment for depression, anxiety and stress. International Journal of Yoga Therapy 2004; 14(1): 53-8.
  19. Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Tuffrey V, Richardson J, Pilkington K. Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39(12): 884-91.
  20. Shapiro D, Cook IA, Davydov DM, Ottaviani C, Leuchter AF, Abrams M. Yoga as a Complementary Treatment of Depression: Effects of Traits and Moods on Treatment Outcome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007; 4(4): 493-502.
  21. Javnbakht M, Hejazi KR, Ghasemi M. Effects of yoga on depression and anxiety of women. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2009; 15(2): 102-4.
  22. Ghassemzadeh H, Mojtabai R, Karamghadiri N, Ebrahimkhani N. Psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the Beck Depression Inventory--Second edition: BDI-II-PERSIAN. Depress Anxiety 2005; 21(4): 185-92.
  23. Pearson N. Literature Review and Rationale for Yoga for Depression. life is now Physiotherapy [Online]. 2007; Available from: URL: http://www.lifeisnow.ca/wp-content/uploads/file/ Yoga-Depression-Lit-review.pdf/
  24. Hoffman E. Mapping the brain's activity after Kriya Yoga. Scandinavian Yoga and Meditation School. Bindu Magazine 2006; 12: 10-3.
  25. Kepner J. Current illustrative standards for yoga therapists. International Journal of Yoga Therapists [Online]. 2011; Available from: URL: www.iayt.org.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 29, Issue 136 - Serial Number 136
March and April 2011
Pages 483-490

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 June 2011
  • Revise Date: 01 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics