A Study on Frequency of Nasal Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization in Children from Kindergartens in Isfahan City, Iran

Document Type : مقاله کوتاه

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Nosocomial Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

6 Professor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus causes a significantly greater risk for transmission and development of subsequent infections. The nose appears to be the most important site for this colonization. Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus is more prevalent in places where people are in close contact, such as kindergartens. In current study, we evaluated the frequency of colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal swab samples taken from children in kindergartens of Isfahan city, Iran.Methods: In this across-sectional study carried out in 2009, children aged 2-6 years were included. The socio-demographic information was collected by the help of their parents. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from nasal swabs via standard microbiologic methods. The chi-square method was used for statistical analysis.Findings: Out of 323 nasal swabs taken from children, Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and identified from 115 (35.6%) samples. In addition, the median age of Staphylococcus aureus negative children (5.7 ± 1.0 years) was higher than the positive ones (5.0 ± 0.8 years) (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Our data showed that almost one third of children were colonized by the nasal Staphylococcus aureus. This indicates a high prevalence in Iranian children comparable to that of findings from other countries. The high prevalence found in this study could be alarming for more studies using more advanced techniques to assign the types and mode of transmission among children.

Keywords

References

  1. Topley WWC, Wilson SGS, Mahy BWJ. Topley amd Wilson's microbiology and microbial infections. 10th ed. London, UK: Hodder Arnold; 2005.
  2. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med 1998; 339(8): 520-32.
  3. Cheng IL, Kanungo S, Schwartz A, McIntyre A, Schreckenberger PC, Diaz PS. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus nasopharyngeal colonization in healthy children in the United States. Epidemiol Infect 2004; 132(2): 159-66.
  4. Boyce JM. Are the epidemiology and microbiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus changing? JAMA 1998; 279(8): 623-4.
  5. Huang YC, Chou YH, Su LH, Lien RI, Lin TY. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and its association with infection among infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatrics 2006; 118(2): 469-74.
  6. von EC, Becker K, Machka K, Stammer H, Peters G. Nasal carriage as a source of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(1): 11-6.
  7. Kluytmans J, van Belkum A, Verbrugh H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10(3): 505-20.
  8. Miller LG, Diep BA. Clinical practice: colonization, fomites, and virulence: rethinking the pathogenesis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46(5): 752-60.
  9. Graham PL, III, Lin SX, Larson EL. A U.S. population-based survey of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144(5): 318-25.
  10. Kuehnert MJ, Kruszon-Moran D, Hill HA, McQuillan G, McAllister SK, Fosheim G, et al. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in the United States, 2001-2002. J Infect Dis 2006; 193(2): 172-9.
  11. Wang JT, Liao CH, Fang CT, Chie WC, Lai MS, Lauderdale TL, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among adults in community settings in Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47(9): 2957-63.
  12. Tabbarai A, Ghaemi E, .Fazeli MR, Bakhshandeh Nosrat S, Behnampour N, Basori M. Prevalence of Staphylococci aureus nasal carrier in healthy school students in Gorgan. J Gorgan Uni Med Sci 2001, 3(2): 6-11 2001; 3(2): 6-11. [In Persian].
  13. Sedighi I, Moez HJ, Alikhani MY. Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in children attending day-care centers. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2011; 58(3): 227-34.
  14. Japoni-Nejad A, Rezazadeh M, Kazemian H, Fardmousavi N, van Belkum A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. Molecular characterization of the first community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from Central Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17(11): e949-e954.
  15. Okwu M, Bamgbala S, Aborisade W. Prevalence of nasal carriage of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) among healthy primary school children in Okada, Nigeria. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2012; 2(4): 61-5.
  16. Dey S, Rosales-Klintz S, Shouche S, Pathak JP, Pathak A. Prevalence and risk factors for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in children attending anganwaries (preschools) in Ujjain, India. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6: 265.
  17. Lo WT, Wang CC, Lin WJ, Wang SR, Teng CS, Huang CF, et al. Changes in the nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children: 2004-2009. PLoS One 2010; 5(12): e15791.
  18. Halablab MA, Hijazi SM, Fawzi MA, Araj GF. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage rate and associated risk factors in individuals in the community. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138(5): 702-6.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 32, Issue 304 - Serial Number 304
September and October 2014
Pages 1690-1697

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 February 2014
  • Revise Date: 01 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics