The Effect of Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Muscle Damage, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Exercise in Healthy Young Men

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 MSc Student, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center AND Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

5 PhD Candidate, Food Security Research Center and Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

6 Assistant Professor, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center AND Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological evidence has shown that antioxidant supplements may play an important role in preventing exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress. Recent years, some researchers have shown high levels of unique compounds in pomegranate polyphenol antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of natural pomegranate juice on oxidative stress, muscle damage and inflammation induced by exercise in healthy young men.Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 30 healthy young men who exercised 3 times a week and were eligible for the study. They was randomly divided into two experimental (supplement) and control (placebo) groups. Experimental group received a daily cup of 250 ml of natural pomegranate juice, prepared by the researcher, and the control group received a daily cup of 250 ml of placebo, for 8 weeks at the same time. Blood samples were collected after at least 8 hours of fasting to assess indicators of muscle damage including creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation including malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammation including C-reactive protein (CRP), at the beginning and end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired and independent-samples t test.Findings: Following 8 weeks of consumption of pomegranate juice, MDA levels decreased from 1.5 to 1.1 μmol/l in pomegranate group and increased from 1.5 to 1.7 μmol/l in control group. The change of this indicator was significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.047). Changes in LDH, CRP and CK were not significant in any of the groups.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest potential beneficial effects of pomegranate juice in strengthening the antioxidant defense system and reducing oxidative stress. 

Keywords

References

  1. Halliwell B, Whiteman M. Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean? Br J Pharmacol 2004; 142(2): 231-55.
  2. Sies H. Oxidative stress. Waltham, Massachusetts: Academic Press, 2015. p. 1-8.
  3. Dengel DR, Pratley RE, Hagberg JM, Rogus EM, Goldberg AP. Distinct effects of aerobic exercise training and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in obese sedentary men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1996; 81(1): 318-25.
  4. Kanter MM, Nolte LA, Holloszy JO. Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 74(2): 965-9.
  5. Cannon JG, Blumberg JB. Acute phase immune responses in exercise. In: Packer C, Hänninen O, Editors. Handbook of oxidants and antioxidants in exercise. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2000. p. 177-94.
  6. Güzel NA, Hazar S, Erbas D. Effects of different resistance exercise protocols on nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and creatine kinase activity in sedentary males. J Sports Sci Med 2007; 6(4): 417-22.
  7. Larijani B, Heshmat R, Bahrami A, Delshad H, Ranjbar Omrani G, Mohammad K, et al. Effects of intravenous Semelil (ANGIPARSTM) on diabetic foot ulcers healing: A multicenter clinical trial. DARU J Pharm Sci 2008; 16(Suppl 1): 35-40. [In Persian].
  8. Bahrami A, Kamali K, Ali-Asgharzadeh A, Hosseini P, Heshmat R, KhorramKhorshid HR, et al. Clinical application of oral form of ANGIPARS™ and in combination with topical form as a new treatment for diabetic foot ulcers: A randomized clinical trial. DARU J Pharm Sci 2008; 16(Suppl 1): 41-8. [In Persian].
  9. Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP. Studies on antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract using in vivo models. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(17): 4791-5.
  10. Melgarejo P, Salazar D, Artes F. Organic acids and sugars composition of harvested pomegranate fruits. European Food Research and Technology 2011; 211(3): 185-90.
  11. Özkan M, Kirca A, Cemeroglu B. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on the stability of ascorbic acid during storage in various fruit juices. Food Chemistry 2004; 88(4): 591-7.
  12. Aviram M, Dornfeld L, Kaplan M, Coleman R, Gaitini D, Nitecki S, et al. Pomegranate juice flavonoids inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation and cardiovascular diseases: studies in atherosclerotic mice and in humans. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2002; 28(2-3): 49-62.
  13. Polagruto JA, Schramm DD, Wang-Polagruto JF, Lee L, Keen CL. Effects of flavonoid-rich beverages on prostacyclin synthesis in humans and human aortic endothelial cells: association with ex vivo platelet function. J Med Food 2003; 6(4): 301-8.
  14. Wang RF, Xie WD, Xing DM, Ding Y, Wang W, Ma C, et al. Bioactive compounds from the seeds of punica granatum (Pomegranate). J Nat Prod 2004; 67(12): 2096-8.
  15. Perez-Vicente A, Gil-Izquierdo A, Garcia-Viguera C. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of pomegranate juice phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and vitamin C. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(8): 2308-12.
  16. Ide T, Tsutsui H, Ohashi N, Hayashidani S, Suematsu N, Tsuchihashi M, et al. Greater oxidative stress in healthy young men compared with premenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22(3): 438-42.
  17. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1999.
  18. Vassilakopoulos T, Karatza MH, Katsaounou P, Kollintza A, Zakynthinos S, Roussos C. Antioxidants attenuate the plasma cytokine response to exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 94(3): 1025-32.
  19. Malhotra JD, Miao H, Zhang K, Wolfson A, Pennathur S, Pipe SW, et al. Antioxidants reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve protein secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105(47): 18525-30.
  20. Kon M, Tanabe K, Akimoto T, Kimura F, Tanimura Y, Shimizu K, et al. Reducing exercise-induced muscular injury in kendo athletes with supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Br J Nutr 2008; 100(4): 903-9.
  21. Gil MI, Tomas-Barberan FA, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM, Kader AA. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(10): 4581-9.
  22. Blomhoff R. [Antioxidants and oxidative stress]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004; 124(12): 1643-5.
  23. Kaur G, Jabbar Z, Athar M, Alam MS. Punica granatum (pomegranate) flower extract possesses potent antioxidant activity and abrogates Fe-NTA induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44(7): 984-93.
  24. Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Myhrstad MC, Barikmo I, Hvattum E, Remberg SF, et al. A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants. J Nutr 2002; 132(3): 461-71.
  25. Mahdavi R, Nikniaz Z, Rafraf M, Jouyban A. Determination and comparison of total polyphenol and vitamin c contents of natural fresh and commercial fruit juices. Pakistan Journal of Nutritio 2010; 9(10): 968-72.
  26. Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis 2001; 158(1): 195-8.
  27. Garcia-Alonso J, Ros G, Vidal-Guevara ML, Jesús Periago M. Acute intake of phenolic-rich juice improves antioxidant status in healthy subjects. Nutrition Research 2006; 26(7): 330-9.
  28. Mertens-Talcott SU, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Rios J, Hingorani L, Derendorf H. Absorption, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) polyphenols after ingestion of a standardized extract in healthy human volunteers. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(23): 8956-61.
  29. Dai Q, Borenstein AR, Wu Y, Jackson JC, Larson EB. Fruit and vegetable juices and Alzheimer's disease: the Kame Project. Am J Med 2006; 119(9): 751-9.
  30. Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109(2): 177-206.
  31. Pantuck AJ, Leppert JT, Zomorodian N, Aronson W, Hong J, Barnard RJ, et al. Phase II study of pomegranate juice for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following surgery or radiation for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12(13): 4018-26.
  32. Fazli D, Malekirad A, Bayrami M, Shariatzadeh S, Karkhaneh A. The effect of pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L.) on the oxidative stress of 15-17 year old girls in Arak. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2009; 10(4): 44-9. [In Persian].
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 32, Issue 320 - Serial Number 320
November and December 2015
Pages 2464-2472

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 March 2015
  • Revise Date: 02 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics