Assessment of Patients' and Radiation Worker's Doses in Shahid Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and Comparison with Permitted Doses

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 MSc Student, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Medical Student, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: The use of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine departments and their harmful biological effects on patients and their relatives are necessary to assess the dose in the Nuclear Medicine Department, Chamran Hospital, Isfahan, and compare with permitted values.
Methods: In this experimental cross-sectional study, the cumulative dose of 15 personnel and 30 patients referred to Chamran Hospital in Isfahan with thyroid cancer who were candidates for receiving 200 mCi of iodine 131 and overnight quarantine was investigated. For this purpose, thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) were used. TLDs were placed at distances of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 meters from the patients' heads, and then they were collected and read, and the values were compared with permitted doses.
Findings: The cumulative dose of gonads, thyroid, two thumbs, and index finger of personnel was 0.113 ± 0.11, 0.134 ± 0.09, 0.501 ± 0.12 mSv, and found that the annual dose is 1.356, 1.608, and 6.012 mSv, respectively. The average cumulative dose of the patients at distances of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 meters from the patients was 49.12 ± 5.74, 12.73 ± 4.43 and 3.53 ± 4.37 mSv, respectively.
Conclusion: The dose of the fingers of personnel was within the boundary of permitted doses, so it is necessary to recommend using lead gloves in possible cases. The minimum distance required to minimize the risks caused by iodine 131 is 150 cm, and it seems crucial to observe this distance in the first five days of discharge of patients.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Moslehi M, Rahimi M, Moradi Khaniabadi B, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D. The effect of Neck physical examination and signing thyroid nodules by Lead marker on 99mTcO4 thyroid scan results [in Persian]. J Isfahan Med Sch 2014; 31(259): 1797-1805.
  2. Greenlee C, Burmeister LA, Butler RS, Edinboro CH, Morrison SM, Milas The American Thyroid Association Radiation Safety Precautions Survey Task Force M. Current safety practices relating to I-131 administration for diseases of the thyroid: a survey of physicians and allied practitioners. Thyroid 2011; 21(2): 151-60.
  3. Robbins RJ, Schlumberger MJ. The evolving role of 131I for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2005; 46(Suppl 1): 28S-37S.
  4. Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Bonyadi P, Moslehi M, Shahi Z. Effects of early liothyronine consumption after radio-iodine therapy on accumulated dose and exposure rate in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Iranian J Nucl Med 2009; 16(30): 8-15.
  5. Al-Shakhrah IA. Radioprotection using iodine-131 for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism: a review. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2008; 12(6): 905-12.
  6. Farag HI, Ahmad F, Gaffar SA, Noha E, Eissa HM. In-vivo and in-vitro radiation dose measurements in radio iodine therapy of thyroid cancer. ICEHM 2000, Cairo University, Egypt, 2000: 557-568.
  7. Sioka C, Kouraklis G, Zafirakis A, Monetou A, Dimakopoulos N. Meastrual cycle disorders after therapy with ioine -131. American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2006; 86(3): 625-8.
  8. (ICRP) ICoRP. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, In: ICRP Publication 1991.
  9. Beckers C. Regulations and policies on radioiodine 131I therapy in Europe. Thyroid 1997; 7(2): 221-4.
  10. Dietlein M, Dressler J, Grünwald F, Leisner B, Moser E, Reiners C, et al. Guideline for radioiodine therapy for benign thyroid diseases (version 4). Nuklearmedizin 2007; 46(5): 220-3.
  11. Luster M, Clarke S, Dietlein M, Lassmann M, Lind P, Oyen W, et al. Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag 2008; 35(10): 1941-59.
  12. Pacilio M, Bianciardi L, Panichelli V, Argirò G, Cipriani C. Management of 131-I therapy for thyroid cancer: cumulative dose from in-patients, discharge planning and personnel requirements. Nucl Med Commun 2005; 26(7): 623-31.
  13. Silberstein EB, Alavi A, Balon HR, Clarke SE, Divgi C, Gelfand MJ, et al. The SNMMI practice guideline for therapy of thyroid disease with 131I. J Nucl Med 2012; 53(10): 1633-51.
  14. American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety, Sisson CJ, Freitas J, McDougall IR, Dauer LT, and Hurley JR, et al. Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid 2011; 21(4): 335-46.
  15. Thompson MA. Radiation safety precautions in the management of the hospitalized 131I therapy patient. J Nucl Med Technol 2001; 29(2): 61-6.
  16. Sadremomtaz AR, Ghaseminezhad SZ. Evaluation of radiation dose received by employees in three nuclear medicine centers [in Persian]. J Gilan Univ Med Sci 2011; 21(81): 53-61.
  17. Tavakoli MB. Measurement of absorbed dose to the whole body and hands of nuclear medicine staff in Said al-Shohad hospital. Nuclear Medicine Communications 2002; 23(3): 293.
  18. Mattar EH. Assessment of patient and staff annual effective doses at a nuclear medicine department during bone scans. Open Journal of Radiology 2022; 12(4): 155-62.
  19. Nassef MH, Kinsara AA. Occupational radiation dose for medical workers at a university hospital. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2017; 11(6): 1259-66.
  20. Pant GS, Sharma SK, Rath GK. Finger doses for staff handling radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med Technol 2006; 34(3): 169-73.
  21. Zdraveska-Kocovska M, Vaskova O, Majstorov V. institute of pathophysiology and nuclear medicine, Akademik Isak S. Tadzer - Faculty of Medicine, University, Ss. Kiril and Metodij, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2011; 4(1): 12-6.
  22. Khosravi S, Shafaei MA, Zand V. Calculation of superficial and deep absorption dose of 131 radioactive iodine in the patient's thyroid and around the patient after thyroid tissue surgery or thyroidectomy using thermoluminescence dosimeter. J Nucl Sci Technol 2022; 99(2): 19-28.
  23. Sans-Merce M, Ruiz N, Barth I, Carnicer A, Donadille L, Ferrari P, et al. Recommendations to reduce hand exposure for standard nuclear medicine procedures. Radiation Measurements 2011; 46(11): 1330-3.
  24. Chrucielewski W, Olszewski J, Jankowski J, Cygan M. Hand exposure in nuclear medicine workers. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2002; 101(1-4): 229-32.
  25. Jankowski J, Olszewski J, Kluska K. Distribution of equivalent doses to skin of the hands of nuclear medicine personnel. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2003; 106(2): 177-80.
Volume 42, Issue 767
3rd Week, July
July and August 2024
Pages 396-403
  • Receive Date: 26 June 2024
  • Revise Date: 04 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 17 August 2024