Comparison of the Effects of the DASH Diet with a Low-Calorie Diet on Serum Levels of Spexin, Leptin, and Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Clinical Trial

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation caused by obesity disrupts the balance of adipokines. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet includes anti-inflammatory foods that have positive effects on body composition and adipose tissue. This study aims to compare the effects of the DASH diet with a low-calorie diet on serum levels of Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin in overweight and obese adults.
Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 120 overweight and obese adults who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) a DASH diet with reduced calories, 2) a restricted calorie diet, and 3) an isocaloric diet (control group). The intervention period lasted 12 weeks, during which serum levels of adipokines, Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at the beginning and end of the study.
Findings: After the intervention, serum levels of adiponectin significantly increased and leptin significantly decreased in the DASH group. In the low-calorie group, only the effect on adiponectin was significant. The reduction in these variables was greater in the DASH group than in the low-calorie group. The difference between the three groups was significant for leptin and adiponectin, but no significant changes were observed in Spexin levels.
Conclusion: The DASH diet with reduced calories was found to improve serum levels of Spexin, leptin, and adiponectin, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular factors compared to the low-calorie diet.

Highlights

Hamed Jafari-Vayghan: Google Scholar

Jalal Moludi: Google Scholar, PubMed

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Romieu I, Dossus L, Barquera S, Blottière HM, Franks PW, Gunter M, et al. Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28(3): 247-58.
  2. Khanna D, Welch BS, Rehman A. Pathophysiology of obesity. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2022. 
  3. Kwaifa IK, Bahari H, Yong YK, Noor SM. Endothelial dysfunction in obesity-induced inflammation: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Biomolecules 2020; 10(2): 291.
  4. Lim CH, Lee MYM, Soga T, Parhar I. Evolution of structural and functional diversity of spexin in mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species. Front Endocrinol 2019; 10: 379.
  5. Gutierrez DA, Puglisi MJ, Hasty AH. Impact of increased adipose tissue mass on inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Curr Diab Rep 2009; 9(1): 26-32.
  6. Jafari-Vayghan H, Tarighat-Esfanjani A, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Ghadimi SS, Lalezadeh Z. Association between dietary patterns and serum leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in apparently healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34(1): 49-55.
  7. Zhao S, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Adiponectin, leptin and cardiovascular disorders. Circ Res 2021; 128(1): 136-49.
  8. Saidi K, Nilholm C, Roth B, Ohlsson B. A carbohydrate-restricted diet for patients with irritable bowel syndrome lowers serum C-peptide, insulin, and leptin without any correlation with symptom reduction. Nutr Res 2021; 86: 23-36.
  9. Izadi V, Azadbakht L. Specific dietary patterns and concentrations of adiponectin. J Res Med Sci 2015; 20(2): 178-84.
  10. Tarighat Esfanjani A, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ehteshami M, Moloudi J, et al. Relationship between leptin to adiponectin ratio and metabolic syndrome indices in apparently healthy adults. Turk J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 24(2): 122-31.
  11. Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, Mihas CC, Dimitriadis KS, Sotiropoulou LI, et al. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and blood pressure reduction in adults with and without hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11(5): 1150-60.
  12. Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Hadaegh F, Mirmiran P, Daneshpour MS, Mahdavi M, Azizi F. Effect of legumes in energy reduced dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure among overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14(1): 72.
  13. Lari A, Sohouli MH, Fatahi S, Cerqueira HS, Santos HO, Pourrajab B, et al. The effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on metabolic risk factors in patients with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31(10): 2766-78.
  14. Vasei MH, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Ainy E, Mirmiran P. Effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, high in animal or plant protein on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized clinical trial. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16(5): 634-9.
  15. Carol S. Ireton-Jones. Intake: Energy. In: Raymond J, Morrow K. Krause and Mahan's food and the nutrition care process. 15th Canada, CA: Elsevier; 2021. p. 21-2.
  16. Eini-Zinab H, Sobhani SR, Rezazadeh A. Designing a healthy, low-cost and environmentally sustainable food basket: an optimisation study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24(7): 1952-61.
  17. Dwyer JT, Allison DB, Coates PM. Dietary supplements in weight reduction. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105(5 Suppl 1): 80-6.
  18. Park Y-MM, Steck SE, Fung TT, Zhang J, Hazlett LJ, Han K, et al. Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet, and metabolic health in US adults. Clin Nutr 2017; 36(5): 1301-9.
  19. Blumenthal JA, Hinderliter AL, Smith PJ, Mabe S, Watkins LL, Craighead L, et al. Effects of lifestyle modification on patients with resistant hypertension: results of the TRIUMPH randomized clinical trial. Circulation 2021; 144(15): 1212-26.
  20. Kashyap A, Mackay A, Carter B, Fyfe CL, Johnstone AM, Myint PK. Investigating the Effectiveness of very low-calorie diets and low-fat vegan diets on weight and glycemic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14(22): 4870.
  21. Shahril MR, Zakarai NS, Appannah G, Nurnazahiah A, Mohamed HJJ, Ahmad A, et al. ‘Energy-dense, high-SFA and low-fiber’ dietary pattern lowered adiponectin but not leptin concentration of breast cancer survivors. Nutrients 2021; 13(10): 3339.
  22. Phillips CM, Harrington JM, Perry IJ. Relationship between dietary quality, determined by DASH score, and cardiometabolic health biomarkers: A cross-sectional analysis in adults. Clin Nutr 2019; 38(4): 1620-8.
  23. Guillermo C, Boushey CJ, Franke AA, Monroe KR, Lim U, Wilkens LR, et al. Diet quality and biomarker profiles related to chronic disease prevention: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 39(3): 216-23.
  24. Janiszewska J, Ostrowska J, Szostak-Węgierek D. The influence of nutrition on adiponectin-A narrative review. Nutrients 2021; 13(5): 1394.
  25. Campbell TM, Campbell EK, Attia J, Ventura K, Mathews T, Chhabra KH, et al. The acute effects of a DASH diet and whole food, plant-based diet on insulin requirements and related cardiometabolic markers in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 202: 110814.
  26. Salehi-Abargouei A, Izadi V, Azadbakht L. The effect of low calorie diet on adiponectin concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47(08): 549-55.
  27. Kord HV, Tinsley GM, Santos HO, Zand H, Nazary A, Fatahi S, et al. The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2021; 40(4): 1811-21.
  28. Yu M, Ju M, Fang P, Zhang Z. Emerging central and peripheral actions of spexin in feeding behavior, leptin resistance and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202: 115121.
  29. Wong SK, Chin KY, Soelaiman I-N. Leptin, adiponectin and insulin as regulators for energy metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Sains Malays 2019; 48(12): 2701-7.
  30. Behrooz M, Vaghef-Mehrabany E, Moludi J, Ostadrahimi A. Are spexin levels associated with metabolic syndrome, dietary intakes and body composition in children? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 172: 108634.
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 41, Issue 740
4th Week, December
November and December 2023
Pages 920-928

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 29 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 18 December 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics