A Boy Suffered from Adrenoleukodystrophy Presenting Primary Symptoms of Hyperactivity and Attention Deficit- A Case Report

Document Type : Case Report

Authors

1 PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

2 Associate Profesor, Neonatal Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system, especially the white matter and myelin. The most common early symptoms of the disease are cognitive and perceptual disorders, which gradually and over time other symptoms of the disease, including changes in behavior in the form of social withdrawal and depression, gait disorders, and cerebellar symptoms appear. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disease that affects both children and adults and is characterized by inappropriate age-related symptoms in the dimensions of inattention or hyperactivity.
Case Report: Although behavioral disorders are seen frequently in the course of the adrenoleukodustrophy, it is not common to observe these disorders as presenting sign of the disease without other neurological manifestations. Here, we present a five years old boy who suffered from attention deficit -hyper activity disorder with failure in treatment with risperidone and gradually worsening the symptoms .After neurological investigations, final diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy was confirmed for the patient.
Conclusion: In this article, we reported a 5-year-old child with mood swings and hyperactivity diagnosed with adrenoleukodystrophy. One of the rare clinical manifestations of this disease is behavioral changes, which in the case of our patient initially had only behavioral changes.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  1. Engelen M, Kemp S, Poll BT. X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2014; 14(10): 486.
  2. Ilango TS, Nambi S. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy presenting as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57(2): 208-9.
  3. Leffa DT, Torres IL, Rohde LA. A review on the role of
    inflammation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuroimmunomodulation 2018; 25(5-6): 328-333.
  4. Aubourg P, Chaussain JL, Dulac O, Arthuis M. [Adrenoleukodystrophy in children. Apropos of 20 cases] [in French]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1982; 39(9): 663-9.
  5. Engelen M, Kemp S, Eichler F. Endocrine dysfunction in adrenoleukodystrophy. Handb Clin
    Neurol 2021; 182: 257-67.
  6. Kumar S, Sait H, Polipalli SK, Pradhan GS, Pruthi S, Kapoor S. Loes Score: Clinical and Radiological Profile of 22 Patients of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Case Series from a Single Center. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31(2): 383-90.
  7. Taylor E. Attention deficit اyperactivity disorder. Lancet 2016; 387(10024): 1240-50.
  8. van de Stadt SIW, Huffnagel IC, Turk B, van der Knaap MS, Engelen M. Imaging in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. Neuropediatrics 2021; 52(4): 252-60.
Volume 41, Issue 736
4th Week, November
November and December 2023
Pages 830-834
  • Receive Date: 14 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 27 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 28 October 2023