نوع مقاله : Original Article(s)
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زبان انگلیسی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
چکیده
تازه های تحقیق
رویا بهارلویی: Google Scholar
هادی صالحی: PubMed, Google Scholar
امید طباطبایی: Google Scholar
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background: Educational methods influence English language learning and may affect physiological markers. This study compared spaced versus massed learning effects on salivary cortisol and glucose in Iranian language learners.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 118 beginner learners (60 male, 58 female) from Shahreza high schools were randomly selected. After a placement test, baseline saliva samples were collected. Participants were divided into spaced learning (n = 60, age 13.4 ± 0.5) and massed learning (n = 58, age 13.8 ± 0.4) groups. The spaced group learned 30 phonetic items in session 1 with review one week later. The massed group learned 15 new items per session without review. Post-intervention saliva samples were analyzed for cortisol (ELISA) and glucose, one-way ANCOVA for analysis (P < 0.05).
Findings: Massed learning showed significantly higher cortisol (5.68 ng/mL vs 4.59 ng/mL, P < 0.05) but insignificantly higher glucose levels (7.74 vs 7.38 mg/dL, P > 0.05) compared to spaced learning, indicating greater stress response.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that massed learning may increase anxiety and negatively impact health, while spaced learning appears less stressful. These findings can guide educators in selecting optimal teaching methods.
کلیدواژهها [English]