Morphology and Degradation of Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate)/ Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Used in Tissue Engineering

Document Type : Original Article(s)

Authors

1 MSc Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

5 PhD Student, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Background: Nanocomposites of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics have high biocompatible and mechanical properties and are thus of high importance in bone tissue engineering. Among these nanocomposites, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PHB/nHA) has favorable porosity.Methods: Nanocomposite scaffolds of PHB/nHA were prepared via solvent-casting and particulate leaching technique. NHA constituted 0-10% of weight of polymers. The porosity of the samples was measured by diffusion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of prepared scaffolds and size of nano-particles in the polymer matrix. Distribution of nHA in scaffold was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Degradation of scaffolds was studied by SEM, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and weighting samples before and after degradation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution.Findings: Porosity percentage was not decreased by increasing nHA content. Size of HA particles on wall of scaffold porosity was in nano-scale and distribution of nano particles in polymer matrix was uniform. Type of PHB/nHA scaffold degradation in PBS solution was bulk degradation. Conclusion: Prepared scaffolds had good interconnectivity. Size and percentage of porosity was acceptable for cell growth, attachment, and seepage in tissue engineering. Therefore, these new PHB/nHA nanocomposite scaffolds may serve as a 3D substrate in tissue engineering.

Keywords


  1. Chaput C, Selmani A, Rivard CH. Artificial scaffolding materials for tissue extracellular matrix repair. Current Opinion in Orthopedics 1996; 7(6): 62.
  2. Gomes ME, Reis RL, Mikos AG. Bone tissue engineering constructs based on starch scaffolds and bone marrow cells cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor. Materials Science Forum 2006; 174: 514-6.
  3. Rezwan K, Chen QZ, Blaker JJ, Boccaccini AR. Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006; 27(18): 3413-31.
  4. Liu X, Ma PX. Polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: on musculoskeletal bioengineering. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2004; 32(3): 477-86.
  5. Misra SK, Valappil SP, Roy I, Boccaccini AR. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)/inorganic phase composites for tissue engineering applications. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7(8): 2249-58.
  6. Liu Y, Wang M. Developing a composite materials for bone tissue repair. Current Applied Physics 2007; 7: 547-54.
  7. Yang K WJWCLY. Study on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of nano hydroxyapatite/polymer biocomposite. Chinese Science Bulletin 2007; 52(2): 267-71.
  8. Wei G, Ma PX. Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004; 25(19): 4749-57.
  9. Jack KS, Velayudhan S, Luckman P, Trau M, Grondahl L, Cooper-White J. The fabrication and characterization of biodegradable HA/PHBV nanoparticle-polymer composite scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2009; 5(7): 2657-67.
  10. Jie w, Yubao L. Tissue engineering scaffold material of nano-apatite crystals and polyamide composite. European Polymer Journal 2004; 40(3): 509-15.
  11. Zhang P, Hong Z, Yu T, Chen X, Jing X. In vivo mineralization and osteogenesis of nanocomposite scaffold of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and hydroxyapatite surface-grafted with poly(L-lactide). Biomaterials 2009; 30(1): 58-70.
  12. Nejati E, Mirzadeh H, Zandi M. Synthesis and characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite rods/poly(l-lactide acid) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2008; 39(10): 1589-96.
  13. Xiao Y, Li D, Fan H, Li X, Gu ZH, Zhang X. Preparation of nano-HA/PLA composite by modified-PLA for controlling the growth of HA crystals. Materials Letters 2007; 61(1): 59-62.
  14. Kuo YC, Leou SN. Effects of composition, solvent, and salt particles on the physicochemical properties of polyglycolide/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds. Biotechnol Prog 2006; 22(6): 1664-70.
  15. Wang YW, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts on random biopolyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) scaffolds. Biomaterials 2004; 25(4): 669-75.
  16. Li H, Zhai W, Chang J. In vitro biocompatibility assessment of PHBV/Wollastonite composites. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19(1): 67-73.
  17. Sultana N, Wang M. Fabrication of HA/PHBV composite scaffolds through the emulsion freezing/freeze-drying process and characterisation of the scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2008; 19(7): 2555-61.
  18. Yu J, Plackett D, Chen LXL. Kinetics and mechanism of the monomeric products from abiotic hydrolysis of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] under acidic and alkaline conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2005; 89(2): 289-99.