Background: One of the most efficient methods of damaged tissue regeneration and repairment is cell therapy; nowadays is used from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) because of high capacity of these cells for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and secretion of different growth factors, like platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and stromal cell-derived factors-1alpha (SDF-1α). Sexual hormone which affect the secretion of these factors, regulate proliferation and migration of stem cells and also, repairment processes. The purpose of this study was to determinate the effect of exogenous testosterone on the amount of PDGF and SDF-1α in bone marrow of male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats randomly were divided into four groups. The first group underwent sham operation and received 0.1 ml of sesame oil as a placebo. The other three groups underwent orchidectomy operation and after two weeks received 0.1 ml of sesame oil (as a placebo), 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of testosterone dissolved in sesame oil respectively,  subcutaneously each day for 3 weeks. Then, the amount of factors was measured in extracted femoral bone marrow using ELISA method. Findings: The average concentration of PDGF in bone marrow of control group was significantly less than these amounts in sham group (P < 0.05). In castrated group received 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of testosterone, these factors increased significantly in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). The average concentration of SDF-1α in bone marrow of sham group did not show significant differences comparing the control group. This amount showed significant decrease in castrated group received 5 mg/kg/day testosterone comparing the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that testosterone leads to increase the amount of PDGF in bone marrow of male rats but decrease the amount of SDF-1α. Keywords: Platelet derived growth factor, Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, Testosterone, Bone marrow, Rat