The Relationship between Hypothyroidism and Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women in an Iranian Sample

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is common in Iran and preeclampsia is a pregnancy complications. Hypothyroidism has autoimmune base and one of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is autoimmune disorder. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and preeclampsia in pregnant women.Methods: This analytic descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Shahid Beheshti university hospital in Isfahan, Iran, in 2016. Simultaneously existence of hypothyroidism and preeclampsia and severity of preeclampsia and gestational age of pregnancy in time of delivery were evaluated in 298 pregnant women.Findings: The prevalence of preeclampsia in was 9.3% and 23.1% in euthyroid and hypothyroid women, respectively (P = 0.002) and a significant relationship was between hypothyroidism and severity of preeclampsia (P = 0.003). Preterm delivery was seen in 18.4% and 25.0% of euthyroid and hypothyroid women, respectively. However, preterm delivery was more in hypothyroid women; but there was no significant correlation between hypothyroidism and time of delivery (P = 0.440). There was no correlation between hypothyroidism and body weight (P = 0.410). First minute Apgar score in neonates of hypothyroid women was less than neonates of euthyroid women (P = 0.047); but fifth minute Apgar score had no significant difference (P = 0.110).Conclusion: This study showed that hypothyroidism can increase the risk of creation and severity of preeclampsia. So, diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism can decrease complications of pregnancy such as preeclampsia.

Keywords

References

  1. Gharakhani P, Aghazadeh Amini SH, Bernashound T, Tabrizi T, Aghdasi M, Sadatian E. The main protests and treatment of diseases- emergency, delivery and pregnancy. 1st ed. Tehran, Iran: Avazeh Publications; 1996. p.123. [In Persian].
  2. Kharb S, Sardana D, Nanda S. Correlation of thyroid functions with severity and outcome of pregnancy. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3(1): 43-6.
  3. Ajmani SN, Aggarwal D, Bhatia P, Sharma M, Sarabhai V, Paul M. Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2014; 64(2): 105-10.
  4. Fritz MA, Speroff L. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
  5. Karumanchi A, Lim K, August PH Preeclampsia: Pathogenesis. Up to Date [online]. [cited 2017 Feb 4]; Available from:
  6. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preeclampsia-pathogenesis
  7. Naghshineh E, Karkheiran B. Relative frequency of thyroid disorders in pregnant women at a maternity clinic in Isfahan, Iran. J Isfahan Med Sch 2012; 30(208): 1570-8. [In Persian].
  8. LaFranchi SH, Haddow JE, Hollowell JG. Is thyroid inadequacy during gestation a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and developmental outcomes? Thyroid 2005; 15(1): 60-71.
  9. Wasserstrum N, Anania CA. Perinatal consequences of maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy and inadequate replacement. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995; 42(4): 353-8.
  10. Stagnaro-Green A, Chen X, Bogden JD, Davies TF, Scholl TO. The thyroid and pregnancy: A novel risk factor for very preterm delivery. Thyroid 2005; 15(4): 351-7.
  11. Pop VJ, Kuijpens JL, van Baar AL, Verkerk G, van Son MM, de Vijlder JJ, et al. Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999; 50(2): 149-55.
  12. Bloom SL, Corton MM, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Leveno KJ. Williams Obstetrics. 24th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014. p. 728-70.
  13. Lain KY, Roberts JM. Contemporary concepts of the pathogenesis and management of preeclampsia. JAMA 2002; 287(24): 3183-6.
  14. Raoofi Z, Jalilian A, Shabani ZM, Parvar SP, Parvar SP. Comparison of thyroid hormone levels between normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014; 28: 1.
  15. Mannisto T, Mendola P, Grewal J, Xie Y, Chen Z, Laughon SK. Thyroid diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a contemporary US cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98(7): 2725-33.
  16. Vadiveloo T, Mires GJ, Donnan PT, Leese GP. Thyroid testing in pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction in Tayside, Scotland: the thyroid epidemiology, audit and research study (TEARS). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78(3): 466-71.
  17. Kumru P, Erdogdu E, Arisoy R, Demirci O, Ozkoral A, Ardic C, et al. Effect of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity on pregnancy outcomes in low risk population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 291(5): 1047-54.
  18. Karakosta P, Alegakis D, Georgiou V, Roumeliotaki T, Fthenou E, Vassilaki M, et al. Thyroid dysfunction and autoantibodies in early pregnancy are associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes and adverse birth outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97(12): 4464-72.
  19. Negro R, Schwartz A, Gismondi R, Tinelli A, Mangieri T, Stagnaro-Green A. Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95(4): 1699-707.
  20. Nikpour S, Atarodi Kashani Z, Mokhtarshahi S, Parsay S, Nooritajer M, Haghani H. Study of the Correlation of the Consumption of Vitamin C-Rich foods with preeclampsia and eclampsia in women referred to Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospital in Tehran, 2004 . Razi J Med Sci2007; 14 (54): 179-92. [In Persian].
Journal of Isfahan Medical School
Volume 35, Issue 449 - Serial Number 449
September and October 2017
Pages 1352-1357

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 06 February 2017
  • Revise Date: 09 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics