The Relationship between Olfactory Reduction and Middle Turbine Eosinophilia (Expression of CLC Gene) in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Resident, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Considering the possible role of CharcoL leyden Crystal (CLC) gene in olfactory reduction, this study was performed to determine the relationship between olfactory reduction and middle turbine eosonophilia in patients with chronic sinusitis.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 45 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who referred to Alzahra and Ayatollah Kashani hospitals of Isfahan, Iran, during the years 2019-2020 were selected, and a biopsy of the middle turbine was performed, and the expression of CLC gene was examined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Patients' olfactory status was assessed with methanol test questionnaires (CCCLC) and Sino-nasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), and the relationship between CLC gene expression and olfactory power was evaluated.Findings: The mean olfactory score of the subjects was 4.73 ± 1.27, which was 5.58 ± 0.81 and 3.58 ± 77 in the negative and positive CLC subjects, respectively, and the CLC negative subjects had a higher olfactory level (P < 0.001). The mean score of SNOT-22 in all patients was 83.49 ± 14.88 and in the two groups of CLC negative and positive was 77.58 ± 15.43 and 91.58 ± 9.54, respectively, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that there is a significant relationship between CLC gene expression and decreased sense of smell in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and the sense of smell is lower in CLC positive patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Murphy C, Schubert CR, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. Prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults. JAMA 2002; 288(18): 2307-12.
  2. Bramerson A, Nordin S, Bende M. Clinical experience with patients with olfactory complaints, and their quality of life. Acta Otolaryngol 2007; 127(2): 167-74.
  3. Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Rojas-Lechuga MJ, Mullol J, Alobid I. Olfactory dysfunction in the COVID-19 outbreak. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 30(5): 317-26.
  4. Henkin RI, Schultz M, Minnick-Poppe L. Intranasal theophylline treatment of hyposmia and hypogeusia: a pilot study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 138(11): 1064-70.
  5. Leopold DA, Hummel T, Schwob JE, Hong SC, Knecht M, Kobal G. Anterior distribution of human olfactory epithelium. Laryngoscope 2000; 110(3 Pt 1): 417-21.
  6. Lavin J, Min JY, Lidder AK, Huang JH, Kato A, Lam K, et al. Superior turbinate eosinophilia correlates with olfactory deficit in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Laryngoscope 2017; 127(10): 2210-8.
  7. Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G. 'Sniffin' sticks': Olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 1997; 22(1): 39-52.
  8. Gillett S, Hopkins C, Slack R, Browne JP. A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease. Clin Otolaryngol 2009; 34(5): 467-9.
  9. Naghdi S, Anjeie F, Nakhostin Ansari N, Fathali M. Development, cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of Persian version of Sino-Nasal Outcome Test in chronic rhinosinusitis: A brief report. Tehran Univ Med J 2013; 70(11): 735-40. [In Persian].
  10. Amedee RG. Superior turbinate eosinophilia correlates with olfactory deficit in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32(1): 74.
  11. Winther B, Gwaltney JM. Microbiology of sinusitis. In: Kennedy DW, Bolger WE, Zinreich SJ, editors. Diseases of the sinuses: Diagnosis and management. Hamilton, ON: Decker; 2001. p. 77-84.
  12. Farhadi M, Daneshi A, Tabatabaii A, Sotoudeh M, Salek Moghaddam AR, Shamshiri AR. Lymphocyte subsets(CD3, CD4, CD8), CD4/CD8 ratio of sinus mucosa and measured serum IgE level in adults with chronic sinusitis undergoing surgery. Razi J Med Sci 2021; 11(42): 587-96. [In Persian].
  13. Sakuma Y, Ishitoya J, Komatsu M, Shiono O, Hirama M, Yamashita Y, et al. New clinical diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Auris Nasus Larynx 2011; 38(5): 583-8.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 March 2021
  • Revise Date: 05 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics