The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers and Muscle Damage in Basketball Athletes: A Double-Blinded Clinical Trial

Document Type : Original Article (s)

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology AND Research Center for Environmental Factors Affecting Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

3 Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health AND Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Background: Muscle damage and inflammation are common phenomena associated with aerobic exercise. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of high-protein supplementation on inflammatory and muscle damage indices in basketball athletes.Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 44 basketball players aged 20-30 in Kermanshah City, Iran, during an 8-week intervention period. The intervention group was treated with whey protein supplement daily, and the control group received placebo. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as muscle pain index were measured before and after intervention.Findings: LDH, CK, and muscle pain index were significantly decreased in intervention group; however, AST and hs-CRP were not significantly different between the two groups. There were not significant differences in serum IL-6 concentration between two groups, but showed decreases of IL-6 in intervention group at the end of study. Moreover, there was significant decrease in serum LD and CK level in intervention group at the end of study. There was a significant increase in soft lean mass, and a significant decrease in the percent of body fat in the intervention group.Conclusion: This study showed the efficacy of whey protein intake on some muscle damage markers in basketball athletes.

Keywords

References

  1. Soleimani D, Miryan M, Hadi V, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Moludi J, Sayedi SM, et al. Effect of propolis supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, inflammation, and oxidative stress following intense exercise: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9(7): 3631-40.
  2. Hadi S, Miryan M, Soleimani D, Amani R, Mazaheri TM, Hadi V, et al. The effect of food ration bar enriched with beta-alanine, L-arginine, and Nigella sativa on performance and inflammation following intense military training: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9(7): 3512-20.
  3. Street B, Byrne C, Eston R. Glutamine supplementation in recovery from eccentric exercise attenuates strength loss and muscle sorenessJ Exerc Sci Fit 2011; 9(2): 116-22.
  4. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Volek JS, Hakkinen K, Rubin MR, French DN, et al. The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism 2006; 55(3): 282-91.
  5. Etheridge T, Philp A, Watt PW. A single protein meal increases recovery of muscle function following an acute eccentric exercise bout. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33(3): 483-8.
  6. Pahlavani N, Entezari MH, Nasiri M, Miri A, Rezaie M, Bagheri-Bidakhavidi M, et al. The effect of l-arginine supplementation on body composition and performance in male athletes: A double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71(4): 544-8.
  7. Jackman SR, Witard OC, Jeukendrup AE, Tipton KD. Branched-chain amino acid ingestion can ameliorate soreness from eccentric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42(5): 962-70.
  8. Boirie Y, Dangin M, Gachon P, Vasson MP, Maubois JL, Beaufrere B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94(26): 14930-5.
  9. Fruhbeck G. Protein metabolism. Slow and fast dietary proteins. Nature 1998; 391(6670): 843, 845.
  10. Coombes JS, McNaughton LR. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase after prolonged exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000; 40(3): 240-6.
  11. Cooke MB, Rybalka E, Stathis CG, Cribb PJ, Hayes A. Whey protein isolate attenuates strength decline after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2010; 7: 30.
  12. Pyne DB. Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: A review. Aust J Sci Med Sport 1994; 26(3-4): 49-58.
  13. Machado M, Koch AJ, Willardson JM, dos Santos FC, Curty VM, Pereira LN. Caffeine does not augment markers of muscle damage or leukocytosis following resistance exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2010; 5(1): 18-26.
  14. Nieman DC, Gillitt ND, Knab AM, Shanely RA, Pappan KL, Jin F, et al. Influence of a polyphenol-enriched protein powder on exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in athletes: A randomized trial using a metabolomics approach. PLoS One 2013; 8(8): e72215.
  15. Alizadeh H, Bazgir B, Daryanoosh F, Koushki M, Sobhani V. Effect of aerobic exercise and fish oil supplements on plasma levels of inflammatory indexes in mice. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014; 28: 6.
  16. Ahmadi A, Agha Alinezhad Hi, Gharakhanlou R, Zarifi A. Study of relationship between serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) changes response in active women after sub maximal eccentric and concentric exercise. Olympic 2009; 17(2): 63-72. [In Persian].
  17. Asjodi F, Arazi H, Farazi Samarin S. Comparing the effects of dietary supplementation with carbohydrate and whey protein at two ratios on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistance exercise. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2013; 7(4): 83-92. [In Persian].
  18. Nasirifarsani M, Sarhadi M, Rahmani F, Hasanzadeh K. The effects of different carbohydrate-whey protein ratio on IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines after high intensity exercise in healthy young girls. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2017; 24(5): 339-45. [In Persian].

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 22 May 2021
  • Revise Date: 05 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 06 April 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics