Background: Adrenoleukodystrophy is an X-linked neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system, especially the white matter and myelin. The most common early symptoms of the disease are cognitive and perceptual disorders, which gradually and over time other symptoms of the disease, including changes in behavior in the form of social withdrawal and depression, gait disorders, and cerebellar symptoms appear. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disease that affects both children and adults and is characterized by inappropriate age-related symptoms in the dimensions of inattention or hyperactivity.
Case Report: Although behavioral disorders are seen frequently in the course of the adrenoleukodustrophy, it is not common to observe these disorders as presenting sign of the disease without other neurological manifestations. Here, we present a five years old boy who suffered from attention deficit -hyper activity disorder with failure in treatment with risperidone and gradually worsening the symptoms .After neurological investigations, final diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy was confirmed for the patient.
Conclusion: In this article, we reported a 5-year-old child with mood swings and hyperactivity diagnosed with adrenoleukodystrophy. One of the rare clinical manifestations of this disease is behavioral changes, which in the case of our patient initially had only behavioral changes.