مقایسه‌ی تأثیر اعمال فشار مثبت مداوم راه هوایی با دو روش متفاوت در درمان نوزادان نارس مبتلا به سندرم دیسترس تنفسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه کودکان، مرکز تحقیقات ارتقای سلامت کودکان، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دستیار فوق تخصصی نوزادان، گروه کودکان، مرکز تحقیقات ارتقای سلامت کودکان، دانشکده پزشکی و کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: انواع مختلف دستگاه‌های تولید فشار مثبت راه هوایی (Continuous positive airway pressure یا CPAP) در درمان سندرم دیسترس تنفسی نوزادان به کار می‌رود که برای هر یک از آن‌ها بر اساس مکانیسم تولید فشار ویژگی‌ها ومزیت‌هایی مطرح شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه‌ی تأثیر کاربرد CPAP با دو دستگاه  Bubble CPAPو Medijet CPAP همراه با تزریق سورفاکتانت در ساعات اولیه‌ی تولد در درمان این سندرم بود.روش‌ها: 44 نوزاد با سن حاملگی 29 تا 7/6 33 هفته با علایم بالینی سندرم دیسترس تنفسی که نیاز به اکسیژن با غلظت بیش از 21 درصد داشتند به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه دریافت Bubble CPAP و Medijet CPAP قرار گرفتند. در صورتی که ظرف 30 تا 60 دقیقه‌ی اول تولد با CPAP معادل 8 سانتی‌متر آب، برای حفظ مقادیر O2 در محدوده‌ی مورد نظر به FIO2 بیشتر از 40 درصد نیاز بود، سورفاکتانت تزریق شد و نوزاد دوباره روی CPAP قرار می‌گرفت. با ادامه‌ی نیاز به درمان با CPAP و FIO2 بیشتر از 30 درصد دو دوز دیگر سورفاکتانت در فواصل زمانی 12 ساعت تجویز شد. در صورت بروز علایم بالینی یا آزمایشگاهی دیسترس تنفسی نوزاد تحت تهویه‌ی مکانیکی قرار گرفت. سیر بالینی و عوارض بیماری در دو گروه با هم مقایسه شد.یافته‌ها: مدت زمان درمان با CPAP و دریافت اکسیژن (بر حسب ساعت) در گروه Bubble CPAP با گروهMedijet CPAP تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت (به ترتیب 7/25 ± 47 در برابر 4/22 ± 7/46 با 874/0= P و 9/191 ± 7/158 در برابر 9/165 ± 144 با 702/0 = P). همچنین بین دو گروه از نظر نیاز به تهویه‌ی مکانیکی و دوز دوم و سوم سورفاکتانت و بروز بیماری مزمن ریوی و پنوموتوراکس تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت.نتیجه‌گیری: با در نظر گرفتن تعداد اندک مطالعات کارآزمایی بالینی موجود و نتایج آن‌ها برای اثبات تأثیر یکسان کاربرد دو روش Bubble CPAP و Medijet CPAP همزمان با تزریق سورفاکتانت در درمان سندرم دیسترس تنفسی نوزادان و بروز عوارض، مطالعات بزرگ دیگری باید انجام گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Compare the Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure with Two Different Methods to Treat Premature Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Mohammadizadeh 1
  • Ali Reza Asadi 2
  • Ali Reza Sadeghnia 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Promotion Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Resident of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Promotion Research Center, School of Medicine And Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Various continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices have been used in treatment of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This study was designed to compare the efficacy of bubble CPAP versus medijet CPAP, used along with surfactant, to treat RDS during the first hours of life.Methods: Eighty-eight neonates with gestational age between 29 to 336/7 weeks who had clinical manifestations of RDS and required FIO2 > 21% were randomly assigned to receive either bubble CPAP or medijet CPAP (44 in each group). During the first 30 to 60 minutes of life, if CPAP rises to 8 cm H2O and FIO2 requirement exceeds 40%, surfactant was administered via endotracheal tube. The procedure was repeated twice more at 12 hour intervals, if CPAP treatment had to be continued with FIO2 > 30%. Mechanical ventilation was considered in the presence of clinical or laboratory evidence of respiratory failure. Duration of CPAP treatment and oxygen therapy, need for second and third doses of surfactant and mechanical ventilation, and the occurrence of chronic lung disease (CLD) and pneumothorax were compared between groups.Findings: There was no significant difference in the duration of CPAP treatment and oxygen therapy between bubble CPAP and medijet CPAP groups (47 ± 25.7 vs. 46.7 ± 22.4 [P = 0.874] and 158.7 ± 191.9 vs. 144 ± 165.9 [P = 0.702], respectively). The need for second and third doses of surfactant and mechanical ventilation, and the occurrence of CLD and pneumothorax were not significantly different between groups (P was 1, 0.361, 1, 0.72 and 1, respectively).  Conclusion: Considering the limited available data, it is highly recommended to evaluate the similar efficacy of bubble CPAP and medijet CPAP in treatment of RDS, along with the use of surfactant, in other large clinical trials. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Respiratory distress syndrome
  • Neonates
  • Bubble CPAP
  • Medijet CPAP
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