بررسی الگوی خواب دانش‌آموزان 6 تا 9 ساله‌ی شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم بهداشتی در تغذیه، گروه تغذیه و بیوشیمی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه آمار و اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه تغذیه و بیوشیمی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: امروزه مدت زمان خواب افراد حتی کودکان نسبت به گذشته کاهش یافته است. این ﻣﺴأله به عنوان یکی از عوامل مهم دخیل در سبک زندگی در کودکان نادیده گرفته شده است. اکثر تحقیقات انجام گرفته در این زمینه الگوی خواب افراد را به صورت غیر عینی (Subjective) مورد بررسی قرار داده‌اند که دقت و کارایی پایینی دارد. در این مطالعه به بررسی الگوی خواب در کودکان پرداختیم.روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه‌ی مقطعی بود که به منظور تعیین الگوی خواب کودکان 9-6 ساله‌ی ساکن 12 منطقه‌ی شهر تهران در سال 89-1388 انجام شد. این مطالعه بر روی 270 کودک (151 دختر و 119 پسر) در سطح مدارس ابتدایی به روش عینی (Objective) انجام گرفت. اطلاعات خواب کودکان با استفاده از دستگاه فعالیت‌سنج و یک پرسش‌نامه‌ی خود گزارش‌دهی توسط والدین جمع‌آوری گردید.یافته‌ها: کودکان مورد مطالعه به طور میانگین در طول شبانه روز 524 دقیقه می‌خوابیدند. همچنین در طول هفته به طور میانگین شب‌ها ساعت 11 و 23 دقیقه به خواب می‌رفتند و صبح‌ها به طور میانگین ساعت 8 و 2 دقیقه از خواب بیدار می‌شدند. کیفیت خواب کودکان 6/5 ± 2/83 درصد بود. دختران در مقایسه با پسران دارای کیفیت خواب بهتری در طول هفته (003/0 > P) و همچنین روزهای کاری هفته (001/0 > P) بودند. ارتباط معنی‌دار و معکوسی بین سن و طول زمان خواب (003/0 > P) وجود داشت. ساعت شروع خواب با سن رابطه‌ی معنی‌دار و مستقیم داشت (001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: طول و کیفیت خواب کودکان مورد بررسی کمتر از مقادیر توصیه شده بود. علاوه بر این ساعت شروع خواب بیشتر کودکان بعد از ساعت 11 شب و ساعت بیدار شدن آن‌ها بعد از ساعت 8 صبح بود. کودکانی که سن بالاتری دارند، نیاز به توجه بیشتری دارند؛ چرا که نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که آن‌ها دارای طول خواب کمتر و ساعت بیدار شدن زودتری بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Sleep Pattern in 6-9 Years Old Students Living in Tehran City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Saber Gharamaleki 1
  • Sayed Mostafa Hoseini 2
  • Ayob Zamani 1
  • Farhad Vaezzadeh 3
  • Kurosh Djafarian 4
1 Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Over recent decades, daily sleep duration even in children has decreased. However, sleep duration in children as an important factor in their lifestyle is usually ignored. Most of the previous studies have used subjective methods for measuring sleep pattern, which do not provide accurate estimates of the sleep quality and quantity.Methods: Using objective method in 2009, we conducted a cross- sectional study to assess the sleep pattern of 270 (151 girls, 119 boys) primary school children aged 6-9 years living in 12 districts of Tehran, Iran. The ActiGraph GT3X (Pensacola, Florida, USA) activity monitor and a self-reported questionnaire filled out by the children’ parents were used to provide information regarding sleep pattern.Findings: The average sleep duration of children was 524 minutes. The onset of their sleep was around 11.23 pm and morning rising time was 08.02 am. The mean sleep quality of children was 83.2% and girls had better sleep quality during week (P = 0.003) and weekday (P = 0.001) compared to boys. There was a significantly negative relationships between age and sleep duration (P = 0.003), while the association between age and the onset of sleep was positive (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that sleep duration and quality of the children who took part in this study were less than the normal standard recommended. In addition, the average of sleep onset in the children was too late. The pattern of older children need more consideration as the results of our study show that the older children had less sleep duration and earlier wake up time compared to the younger ones. Further studies using objective methods are required to explore the association between duration, quality, onset and wake up time of sleep and the development of mental health, physical health, and cognitive outcomes in children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sleep pattern
  • Activity monitor
  • Sleep Duration
  • Sleep quality
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