اهمیت بررسی ناپایداری‌های ژنومی در درمان‌های مبتنی بر سلو‌ل‌های بنیادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات سلولی و مولکولی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سلول‌های بنیادی، جزء اصلی درمان‌های مبتنی بر سلول و پزشکی بازساختی، جهت جایگزینی بافت‌ها و اعضای آسیب دیده و درمان بیماری‌های مختلف هستند. تکثیر و تمایز سلول‌های بنیادی، جهت استفاده در پزشکی بازساختی، مستلزم کشت این سلول‌ها به صورت In vitro است. هر چند تا کنون خطرزا بودن استفاده از این سلول‌ها اثبات نشده است، اما علاوه بر احتمال وجود سلول‌های تمایز نیافته و تمایز خودبه‌خودی آن‌ها پس از پیوند و ایجاد تراتوما، ژنوم این سلول‌ها در محیط‌های کشت، بی‌ثبات است و تغییر می‌کند. ناپایداری ژنومی، می‌تواند ایمنی پیوند این سلول‌ها یا بافت‌های حاصل از آن‌ها را با چالش روبه‌رو کند. ناپایداری ژنومی، از ویژگی‌های مشترک سلول‌های سرطانی و بنیادی است. از این رو، این نگرانی وجود دارد که ناپایداری ژنومی در سلول‌های بنیادی، تومورزا باشد. ناپایداری‌های ژنومی، در اندازه‌های مختلف از جهش نقطه‌ای تا آنیوپلوئیدی و موزاییسم را شامل می‌شود. نوع سلول بنیادی، برخی شرایط محیط کشت و نحوه‌ی دست‌ورزی سلول‌ها، از جمله زمان طولانی کشت، در ایجاد و فراوانی این ناپایداری‌ها مؤثر است. از این رو، توصیه می‌شود ضمن بهینه نمودن زمان و شرایط کشت، قبل از استفاده‌های درمانی، وجود احتمالی تغییرات ژنومی با روش‌های آشکارسازی مناسب، بررسی و پی‌گیری شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Importance of Analyzing the Genomic Instability in Stem Cell-Based Therapies

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Alizadeh
  • Sorayya Ghasemi
Assistant Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Stem cells are the main component in cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine to replace damaged tissues and cure various diseases. In regenerative medicine, in vitro stem cells’ culture is required for proliferation and differentiation. Although the risk of using these cells has not been established; but in addition to the possibility of spontaneous differentiation of undifferentiated cells after transplantation and teratoma formation, genome of these cells in culture media is instable and can be changed. Genomic instability can affect the transplantation safety of these cells or tissues derived from them. Genomic instability is one of the common features in stem cells and cancer. Hence, there is concern that the genomic instability during the manipulation of stem cells can be tumorigenic. Genomic instabilities are included in different sizes from point mutation to aneuploidy and mosaicism. Types of stem cells, culture conditions and some manipulation of cells such a long time are effective in creation and the rate of these instabilities. Therefore, in addition to optimizing the time and culture conditions, it is recommended to examine and follow the genomic abnormalities before therapeutic uses with appropriate methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genomic instability
  • Stem cells
  • Cell-based therapy

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 34، شماره 383 - شماره پیاپی 383
مرداد و شهریور 1395
صفحه 572-579

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 اردیبهشت 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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