بررسی عوامل خطر مرتبط با بروز پنومونی آسپیراسیون در بیماران مراجعه کننده با مسمومیت دارویی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه سم‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه داخلی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: مسمومیت‌ها یکی از مهم‌ترین علل کاهش سطح هوشیاری می‌باشند. به دنبال کاهش سطح هوشیاری، با توجه به از دست رفتن نسبی عوامل محافظت کننده‌ی مسیر تنفسی، احتمال بروز آسپیراسیون و پنومونی افزایش می‌یابد. در این مطالعه، عوامل مؤثر در بروز پنومونی آسپیراسیون در بیماران با مسمومیت حاد دارویی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی گذشته‌نگر، از نوع هم‌گروهی بود که به صورت تصادفی بر روی ۲۰۶ نفر از بیماران مسموم انجام شد. عوامل مختلفی نظیر جنس، سن، نوع دارو و یا سم خورده شده، سطح هوشیاری و علایم حیاتی بدو ورود، درمان با شارکول، انجام شستشوی معده، استفراغ، تشنج، لوله‌گذاری داخل تراشه، مدت بستری و پیامد بیماران بررسی و بین دو گروه با و یا بدون پنومونی آسپیراسیون مقایسه شد.یافته‌ها: جنسیت، سن، نوع داروی عامل مسمومیت، استفراغ، سطح هوشیاری، فشار خون، ضربان قلب، درجه‌ی حرارت در بدو ورود، تشنج، سابقه‌ی بیماری ریوی و مصرف سیگار، انجام شستشوی معده، لوله‌گذاری داخل تراشه و طول مدت بستری بین بیماران با و بدون پنومونی آسپیراسیون تفاوت معنی‌داری داشت (05/0 > P). انجام لوله‌گذاری داخل تراشه (83/50 = Odd ratio یا OR)، تشنج (19/22 = OR)، جنسیت (مرد) (49/3 = OR)، سن (03/1 = OR)، ضربان قلب (03/1 = OR)، سابقه‌ی بیماری ریوی (21/0 = OR) و استفراغ (20/0 = OR) از عوامل پیش‌گویی کننده‌ی پنومونی آسپیراسیون بودند.نتیجه‌گیری: تشنج، جنس مرد، سن، ضربان قلب، لوله‌گذاری داخل تراشه، استفراغ و سابقه‌ی بیماری ریوی از عوامل پیش‌گویی کننده‌ی پنومونی آسپیراسیون می‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Risk Factors Associated with Aspiration Pneumonia among the Patients with Drug Intoxication

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nastaran Eizadi-Mood 1
  • Samaneh Mazroei-Sebedani 2
  • Forough Soltaninejad 3
  • Anahita Babak 4
1 Professor, Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Poisoning is one of the serious underlying causes of loss of consciousness. Due to the relative lack of preserving factors of respiratory tract, risk of aspiration pneumonia would be increased. We evaluated factors associated with aspiration pneumonia in patients admitted with acute drug intoxication.Methods: A retrospective cohort randomized study conducted on 206 patients admitted at clinical toxicology department. Based on the diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia, patients were divided into two groups of with and without aspiration pneumonia. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed for aspiration pneumonia prediction factors.Findings: Age, gender, ingested toxin, vital sign, the level of consciousness on admission, gastric lavage, past history of smoking and pulmonary disease, seizure, vomiting, endotracheal intubation, and length of hospital stay were significantly different in patients with and without aspiration pneumonia (P < 0.05). Among variables, endotracheal intubation [odds ratio (OR) = 50.83], seizure (OR = 22.19), gender (men, OR = 3.49), pulse rate (OR = 1.03), age (OR = 1.03), and vomiting (OR = 0.20) were determinants factors in aspiration pneumonia.Conclusion: Seizure, age, male gender, pulse rate, vomiting, and endotracheal intubation should be considered as important factors in predicting aspiration pneumonia when managing poisoning cases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Drug toxicity
  • Risk Factor
  • Seizure
  • Intubation
  • Intratracheal
  • Vomiting
  1. Eizadi-Mood N, Gheshlaghi F, Sharafi E. Fatal poisoning cases admitted to the poisoning emergency department, Noor Hospital, Isfahan, Iran in 1999-2001. Sci J Forensic Med 2003; 9(31):122-6. [In Persian].
  2. Megarbane B, Chevillard L. The large spectrum of pulmonary complications following illicit drug use: features and mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 206(3): 444-51.
  3. Raphael M, Karimzad SH, Agarwal J, Bhandakar AA, Thunga G, et al. (2015) Prevalence of Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia in Organophosphorus Poisoning Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Drug Dev Res 7(4): 005-008.
  4. DeLegge MH. Aspiration pneumonia: incidence, mortality, and at-risk populations. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002; 26(6 Suppl): S19-S24.
  5. Isbister GK, Downes F, Sibbritt D, Dawson AH, Whyte IM. Aspiration pneumonitis in an overdose population: frequency, predictors, and outcomes. Crit Care Med 2004; 32(1): 88-93.
  6. Kelly J. Adverse drug effects: A nursing concern. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 2006.
  7. Adnet F, Borron SW, Finot MA, Minadeo J, Baud FJ. Relation of body position at the time of discovery with suspected aspiration pneumonia in poisoned comatose patients. Crit Care Med 1999; 27(4): 745-8.
  8. Barceloux DG, Bond GR, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Vale JA. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2002; 40(4): 415-46.
  9. Sohn CH, Huh JW, Seo DW, Oh BJ, Lim KS, Kim WY. Aspiration Pneumonia in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients with Loss of Consciousness: Prevalence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors. Am J Med 2017; 130(12): 1465.
  10. Masoumi Gh, Ganjei Z, Teymoori E, Sabzghabaee AM, Yaraghi A, Akabri M, et al. Evaluating the prevalence of intentional and unintentional poisoning in vulnerable patients admitted to a referral hospital. J Isfahan Med Sch 2013; 31(252): 1452-60. [In Persian].
  11. Liisanantti J, Kaukoranta P, Martikainen M, Ala-Kokko T. Aspiration pneumonia following severe self-poisoning. Resuscitation 2003; 56(1): 49-53.
  12. Rajaei A, Barzegar Bafrooei E, Mojiri F, Nilforoush MH. The occurrence of laryngeal penetration and aspiration in patients with glottal closure insufficiency. ISRN Otolaryngology 2014; 2014: 587945.
  13. van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Vanobbergen JN, Bronkhorst EM, Schols JM, de Baat C. Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in frail older people: A systematic literature review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011; 12(5): 344-54.
  14. Vukcevic NP, Ercegovic GV, Segrt Z, Djordjevic S, Stosic JJ. Benzodiazepine poisoning in elderly. Vojnosanit Pregl 2016; 73(3): 234-8.
  15. Khodabandeh F, Agin K. Assessment of aspiration-induced lung injuries among acute drug poisoning patients; Loghman Hakim Hospital, Poisoning center. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine 2016; 6(4): 209-16.
  16. Sithamparanathan K, Sadera A, Leung L. Adverse effects of benzodiazepine use in elderly people: A meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2012; 7(2): 107-11.
  17. Quinn AK, Ae-Ngibise KA, Jack DW, Boamah EA, Enuameh Y, Mujtaba MN, et al. Association of Carbon Monoxide exposure with blood pressure among pregnant women in rural Ghana: Evidence from GRAPHS. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219(2): 176-83.
  18. Lee GW, Bae MJ, Yang JY, Son JW, Cho JL, Lee SG, et al. Decreased blood pressure associated with in-vehicle exposure to carbon monoxide in Korean volunteers. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22(1): 34.
  19. Stec DE, Drummond HA, Vera T. Role of Carbon Monoxide in Blood Pressure Regulation. Hypertension 2008; 51(3): 597.
  20. Christ A, Arranto CA, Schindler C, Klima T, Hunziker PR, Siegemund M, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of aspiration pneumonitis in ICU overdose patients. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32(9): 1423-7.
  21. Sopena N, Heras E, Casas I, Bechini J, Guasch I, Pedro-Botet ML, et al. Risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia outside the intensive care unit: a case-control study. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42(1): 38-42.
  22. DeToledo JC, Lowe MR, Gonzalez J, Haddad H. Risk of aspiration pneumonia after an epileptic seizure: a retrospective analysis of 1634 adult patients. Epilepsy Behav 2004; 5(4): 593-5.
  23. Son YG, Shin J, Ryu HG. Pneumonitis and pneumonia after aspiration. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2017; 17(1): 1-12.
  24. Eizadi-Mood N, Yaraghi A, Alikhasi M, Jabalameli M, Farsaei S, Sabzghabaee AM. Prediction of endotracheal intubation outcome in opioid-poisoned patients: A clinical approach to bispectral monitoring. Can J Respir Ther 2014; 50(3): 83-6.
  25. Mirmoghtadaee P, Eizadi-Mood N, Sabzghabaee AM, Yaraghi A, Hosseinzadeh F, Dorvashi G, Mirhosseini SMM. Risk factors for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with opioids intoxication. Pak J Med Sci 2012;28(2): 279-82.
  26. Eizadi-Mood N, Shariati M, Yaraghi A, Gheshlaghi F, Masoomi G, Siadat ZD. Predictive Factors of Endotracheal Intubation in Poisoned Patients with Organophosphates. J Isfahan Med Sch 2018; 29(150): 1058-69. [In Persian].
  27. Jabal-Ameli M, Eizadi-Mood N, Tavangar-Rad P, Yaraghi A. The relationship between the Scores of Bispectral Index (BIS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in poisoned patients with decreased level of consciousness requiring tracheal intubation. J Isfahan Med Sch 2016; 33(364): 2256-62. [In Persian].
  28. Eizadi-Mood N, Saghaei M, Alfred S, Zargarzadeh AH, Huynh C, Gheshlaghi F, et al. Comparative evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and gag reflex in predicting aspiration pneumonitis in acute poisoning. J Crit Care 2009; 24(3): 470-15.
  29. Eizadi-Mood N, Sabzghabaee AM, Manteghi A, Yaraghi A, Motamedi N. Prevalence of Different Types of Seizures in a Poisoning Referral Center. J Isfahan Med Sch 2016; 34(395): 957-62. [In Persian].
  30. Metheny NA, Meert KL. administering polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution via a nasogastric tube: pulmonary complications. Am J Crit Care 2017; 26(2): e11-e17.
  31. Robinson M, Davidson A. Aspiration under anaesthesia: Risk assessment and decision-making. Continuing Education Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain 2014; 14(4): 171–5.
  32. Driver BE, Klein LR, Schick AL, Prekker ME, Reardon RF, Miner JR. The occurrence of aspiration pneumonia after emergency endotracheal intubation. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 36(2): 193-6.