ارزیابی علل اتیولوژیک نارسایی پره‌رنال کلیه و رابدومیولیز در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه بیهوشی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه بیهوشی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: نارسایی کلیوی حاد (Acute kidney injury یا AKI) و رابدومیولیز (Rhabdomyolysis)، از علل شایع بستری در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه (Intensive care unit یا ICU) می‌باشند که می‌تواند با پیشامدهای متفاوتی جهت بیماران همراه گردد. در مطالعه‌ی حاضر، به ارزیابی علل اتیولوژیک AKI پره‌رنال از نوع پره‌رنال و رابدومیولیز در بیماران بستری در ICU پرداخته شد.روش‌ها: این مطالعه، از نوع مقطعی بود و روی 480 بیمار بستری در ICU انجام گرفت. بیماران از نظر ابتلا به AKI پره‌رنال بر اساس معیار خطر، آسیب، نارسایی، از دست رفتن عملکرد کلیه، نارسایی انتهایی کلیه [Risk، Injury، Failure، Loss of kidney function و End-stage kidney disease یا (RIFLE)] و نیز رابدومیولیز ارزیابی شدند. علل دموگرافیک و امتیازهای Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) و ارزیابی مکرر نارسایی عضو (Sequential organ failure assessment یا SOFA) در بیماران مود ارزیابی قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: 08/20 درصد افراد مورد ارزیابی، به نارسایی پره‌رنال کلیه، رابدومیولیز یا هر دو مبتلا بودند. شایع‌ترین علت نارسایی پره‌رنال، بیماری داخلی (9/52 درصد) و علت رابدومیولیز، تروما (1/88 درصد) بود. AKI پره‌رنال، تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر جنس مذکر (002/0 = P)، سن بالا (001/0 P <)، ابتلا به دیابت (006/0 = P)، فشار خون (018/0 = P) و نارسایی قلبی (030/0 = P) داشت. معیارهای APACHE (22/1-05/1 :Confidence interval یا CI 95 درصد، 13/1 = Odd ratio یا OR، 001/0 = P) و SOFA (18/1-03/1 :CI 95 درصد، 10/1 = OR، 005/0 = P)، معیارهای پیش‌گویی کننده‌ی مرگ و میر بودند و در مقایسه‌ی این دو معیار، APACHE معیار قوی‌تری محسوب می‌گردد (001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: بیماری‌های داخلی، اصلی‌ترین عامل زمینه‌ساز نارسایی پره‌رنال حاد کلیه در بیماران بستری در ICU بود و بیشتر موارد منجر به مرگ شد. جنس مذکر، سن بالا و بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای، به صورت معنی‌داری با نارسایی حاد کلیه همراه بودند. رابدومیولیز، علت اصلی جراحی به علت تروما گزارش گردید. اغلب افراد، جوان بودند و در نهایت، با سلامتی کامل ترخیص شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of the Etiology of Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis in Intensive Care Unit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mahjoubipour 1
  • Mojtaba Rahimi 2
  • Hamid Reza Shetabi 1
  • Abolfazl Paeinmahali 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and rhabdomyolysis are among the prevalent etiologies of intensive care unit (ICU) admission that can be accompanied with different outcomes. In the current study, prerenal AKI and rhabdomyolysis etiology were assessed in patients admitted to ICU.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 480 patients in ICU. Prerenal AKI, based on the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease (RIFLE) criteria, and rhabdomyolysis were assessed among the patients. Demographic etiologies, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) criteria were assessed among the patients as well.Findings: 20.08% of patients were affected by prerenal AKI, rhabdomyolysis, or both. The most common underlying reason of prerenal azotemia was internal disease (52.9%), and for rhabdomyolysis was trauma (88.1%). Prerenal azotemia was significantly in association with male gender (P = 0.002), higher age (P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.006), hypertension (P = 0.018), and heart failure (P = 0.03). APACHE [P = 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, confidence interval (CI) of 95%: 1.05-1.22] and SOFA (P = 0.005, OR = 1.10, CI95%: 1.03-1.18) were predicting factors of mortality; APACHE was significantly stronger predicting factor (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Internal diseases were the main cause of prerenal AKI in patients in ICU, and most cases doomed to die. Male gender, higher age, and underlying diseases were significantly associated with prerenal azotemia. Regarding rhabdomyolysis, the main cause was surgery due to trauma. Most of the cases were young, and finally discharged with complete health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
  • Sequential organ failure assessment scores
  • Intensive Care Unit
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