بررسی و مقایسه‌ی عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی در بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا و دوقطبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: اختلالات اسکیزوفرنیا و دوقطبی، با اختلال در عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی مرتبط هستند. پروفایل شناختی و اجرایی این دو اختلال به هم شبیه است. با این حال، نقایص شناختی و اجرایی در این بیماران ممکن است مسیرهای متفاوتی را دنبال کنند. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی و مقایسه‌ی مسیرهای متفاوت عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی در بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا و دوقطبی بود.روش‌ها: این مطالعه، پژوهشی توصیفی بر روی بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا و دو قطبی در سال‌های 97-1396 بود. 34 بیمار مبتلا به اختلال اسکیزوفرنیا، 52 بیمار مبتلا به اختلال دوقطبی و 72 نفر از افراد سالم در پژوهش حاضر شرکت کردند. این پژوهش، در بیمارستان روان‌پزشکی کارگرنژاد واقع در شهر کاشان اجرا شد. در این مطالعه، از مقیاس علایم مثبت و منفی اسکیزوفرنیا (Positive and negative syndrome scale یا PANSS)، مقیاس رتبه‌بندی مانیای Young (Young mania rating scale یا YMRS)، سیاهه‌ی افسردگی Beck (Beck depression inventory-II یا BDI-II)، آزمون برج لندن، آزمون دسته‌بندی کارت Wisconsin، آزمون سرعت پردازش (Trial making test یا TMT) و آزمون زمان واکنش چهار گزینه‌ای (Four-choice) استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: آزمون MANOVA نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین سه گروه بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا، دوقطبی و افراد سالم در تمام مقیاس‌های عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی وجود دارد. در مجموع، عملکرد بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا در عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی بهتر از بیماران دوقطبی است، اما هر دو گروه بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا و دوقطبی عملکرد ضعیف‌تری نسبت به افراد سالم داشتند (001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های این مطالعه، عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی در اختلالات اسکیزوفرنیا و دوقطبی تخریب شده‌اند و افراد مبتلا، عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی ضعیف‌تری نسبت به افراد سالم دارند. همچنین، عملکردهای شناختی و اجرایی در بیماران دوقطبی ضعیف‌تر از بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا است و مسیرهای متفاوتی از بیماران اسکیزوفرنیا را دنبال می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrooz Afshari
  • Kiamars Khezrian
  • Ali Faghihi
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are associated with impaired cognitive and executive functions. Cognitive and executive profile of these two disorders is similar. However, cognitive and executive deficits in these patients may follow different paths. The purpose of the present study is to examination and comparison of different paths of cognitive and executive function in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.Methods: This was a descriptive study on patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders from 2016 to 2017. Thirty-four patients with schizophrenia, 52 patients with bipolar disorder, and 72 healthy individuals participated in the present study. This research was performed in Kargarnejad psychiatric hospital located in Kashan City, Iran. In this study, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Tower of London task, Wisconsin card sorting task, Trial Making Test (TMT), and Four-Choice reaction time test (Four-Choice) were used.Findings: The MANOVA test showed a significant difference between the schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and healthy groups in all scales of cognitive and executive functions. Altogether, performance of patients with schizophrenia in cognitive and executive functions were better than those with bipolar disorder; but schizophrenia and bipolar disorder groups have weaker performance than healthy persons (P < 0.001).Conclusion: This study show that cognitive and executive functions are destructed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, and they have weaker cognitive and executive functions than healthy controls. Moreover, cognitive and executive functions in patients with bipolar disorder are weaker than patients with schizophrenia, and follow different paths from schizophrenia.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Schizophrenia
  • Bipolar disorder
  • Cognitive function
  • Executive function

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 37، شماره 520 - شماره پیاپی 520
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398
صفحه 270-277

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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