تأثیر مداخلات آموزشی بر دانش و نگرش نوجوانان در مورد واکسن پاپیلوما ویروس انسانی: یک مطالعه‌ی مروری نظام‌مند

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بهداشت باروری، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات مامایی و بهداشت باروری، گروه مامایی و بهداشت باروری، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 مربی، گروه پرستاری و مامایی، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، واحد لارستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،لار، ایران

4 گروه مامایی، دانشکده‌ی پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: ویروس پاپیلومای انسانی (Human papillomavirus یا HPV) شایع‌ترین عفونت جنسی منتقل ‌شده به ‌ویژه در افراد زیر 25 سال می‌باشد که اغلب به دلیل عدم آگاهی و باور غلط انتقال می‌یابد. با توجه به نقش پیش سرطانی این ویروس و اهمیت پیش‌گیری از آن، تزریق واکسن HPV در تمام کشورها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از این ‌رو، بهبود آگاهی و نگرش در میان نوجوانان ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. بنابراین، مطالعه‌ی مرور نظام‌مند حاضر، با هدف بررسی تأثیر مداخلات آموزشی بر دانش و نگرش دختران نوجوان در مورد واکسن HPV انجام شد.روش‌ها: در این مطالعه‌ی مرور نظام‌مند، همه‌ی مطالعات کمی منتشر شده، بدون محدودیت زمانی بررسی شدند. جستجوی مطالعات در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی انگلیسی و فارسی انجام شد. واژگان کلیدی بر اساس Mesh و شامل «Knowledge»، «Attitudes»، «Papillomavirus vaccines»، «Gardasil» و «Intervention study» بودند که با عملگرهای Boolean «OR» و «AND» ترکیب شدند. در نهایت، دو پژوهشگر به ‌طور مستقل مقالات را جهت ارزیابی کیفیت و استخراج یافته‌ها مورد بررسی قرار دادند.یافته‌ها: 21 مقاله با حجم نمونه‌ی کلی 10086 نفر انتخاب شد. مقالات از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی، غیر تصادفی و شبه تجربی بودند و سال انتشار آن‌ها بین 2019-2008 بود. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که مداخلات آموزشی بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی، مدل آموزش همسالان، مداخلات مبتنی بر مدرسه و به ‌صورت سایر مداخلات آموزشی بود. مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و مداخلات مبتنی بر مدرسه، شایع‌ترین چارچوب‌ها در طراحی مداخلات آموزشی در مورد واکسن پاپیلوما ویروس انسانی در میان نوجوانان بود. در تمامی مطالعات، انواع مداخلات آموزشی تأثیر مثبتی بر افزایش دانش و بهبود نگرش نوجوانان نسبت به واکسن HPV داشتند.نتیجه‌گیری: انواع مداخلات آموزشی به ‌صورت مدل Health belief model (HBM)، مدل آموزش هم‌سالان، مداخلات مبتنی بر مدرسه و سایر مداخلات آموزشی، می‌تواند منجر به افزایش دانش و نگرش افراد نسبت به واکسن HPV شوند. با توجه به مؤثر بودن مداخلات آموزشی بر اساس مدل اعتقاد بهداشتی و مداخلات مبتنی بر مدرسه بر افزایش دانش و نگرش نوجوانان در مورد این واکسن، طراحی و اجرای مداخلات در مدارس پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Educational Interventions on Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitude about the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine; A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojdeh Banaei 1
  • Masomeh Simbar 2
  • sanaz Safarzade 3
  • Hadis Shahrahmani 1
  • Azam Khiabani 4
1 PhD Student of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Larestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Lar, Iran
4 Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, especially in people with age of under 25 years. It is often caused due to lack of awareness and misconception. Given the precancerous role of this virus and the importance of its prevention, HPV vaccination has been considered in all countries; so it is necessary to improve the knowledge and attitude of adolescents. Therefore, awareness and attitudes among high-risk groups need to be improved, especially among the vulnerable teens. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of educational interventions on knowledge and attitude of adolescent girls about HPV vaccine.Methods: All quantitative studies, which were published without time limit, were entered in this systematic review article. The investigation was performed in the English and national databases such. Keywords were as Knowledge, Attitudes, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Gardasil, and Intervention study combined with the Boolean OR and AND operators. Finally, two researchers independently reviewed the articles for the quality appraisal and extracted their main findings.Findings: Finally, 21 articles with a total sample size of 10086 were entered the study. Articles were interventional types and were published from 2008 to 2019. Educational interventions were based on Health Belief Model, Peer Education Model, School-Based Interventions, and other Educational Interventions. The Health Belief Model and School-Based Interventions were the most common frameworks for designing educational interventions for the HPV vaccine among adolescents. In all studies, educational interventions had a positive effect on increasing adolescents' knowledge and attitude toward the HPV vaccine.Conclusion: Educational interventions can lead to increased knowledge and attitudes towards HPV vaccine. Considering the effectiveness of educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model and School-Based Interventions to increase adolescents' knowledge and attitude about this vaccine, designing and implementing such interventions in school are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Papillomavirus vaccines
  • Gardasil
  • Attitudes
  • Knowledge
  • Education

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 37، شماره 553 - شماره پیاپی 553
بهمن و اسفند 1398
صفحه 1298-1312

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 مهر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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