نقش مولکول ساپونینی کریستینین A در کنترل التهاب خفیف مزمن در بیماری چاقی مرتبط با دیابت نوع 2

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی فنی- مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی فنی- مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

بیماری چاقی، همواره همراه با التهاب بافت مزمن (درجه‌ی پایین) می‌باشد و این التهاب سبب بروز مقاومت به انسولین در بیماری دیابت نوع 2 می‌گردد. با بروز بیماری دیابت و کاهش سطح انسولین خون، سطح کلسترول خون افزایش قابل ملاحظه‌ای می‌یابد. با این افزایش، مشاهدات آماری، خطر بالای بروز بیماری‌های عروقی مثل Atherosclerosis را نشان می‌دهد. از این رو، ارتباط مستقیم این گونه عوارض که به عنوان مهم‌ترین عامل مرگ و میر در این بیماران شناخته می‌شود، دانشمندان را بر آن داشته است که نسبت به ارایه‌ی راهکارها و روش‌های کنترل التهاب‌زایی سیستم ایمنی نگاهی جدی و کارآمد داشته باشند. کشفیات اخیر در حوزه‌ی گیاهان دارویی و مواد مؤثره‌ی آن‌ها نشان داده است که ماکرومولکول‌های زیستی گیاهی، به دلیل ساختارها و زیست‌پذیری مناسب، قابلیت تأثیر بر عملکرد سیستم ایمنی از جنبه‌های مختلف نظیر کنترل التهاب، تعدیل یا سرکوب اختصاصی عملکرد سیستم ایمنی را دارا می‌باشد که توسط سازمان جهانی بهداشت نیز مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است. مطالعات گسترده در خصوص اثرات ایمونولوژیکی عصاره‌های گیاهی، منجر به کشف ترکیباتی با اثرات شگفت‌انگیز ضد التهابی مانند مولکول‌های ساپونین در عصاره‌ی برگ گیاه سدر گشته است. تحقیقات بر روی گیاهان حاوی ماده‌ی مؤثره‌ی ساپونین کریستینین A، نشان داده است، این مولکول‌ها به عنوان یک عامل ممانعت کننده در فسفریلاسیون کمپلکس Inhibitor IĸBα nuclear factor kappa B (Inhibitor IĸBα-NF-ĸb)، از القای بیان ژن Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) در درون سیتوپلاسم ممانعت می‌کند و با بر هم زدن تعادل نیتریک اکساید در محیط‌های التهابی، باعث فروکش شدن التهابات خفیف بافتی می‌گردد. به عنوان یک ارزیابی کلی از مرور تحقیقات انجام شده بر روی نقش این مولکول بر روی التهاب‌های خفیف مزمن بیماری چاقی مرتبط با دیابت نوع 2، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که این ماده، می‌تواند به عنوان یک پیش‌داروی طبیعی، در کاربردهای ایمنی‌درمانی در درمان بیماری‌های چاقی و عوارض آن به ‌صورت جدی مد نظر قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Christine A Saponins Molecules in the Control of Mild Chronic Inflammation in Obesity Related with Type-II Diabetes Mellitus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ladan Ahmad-Khosravi-Choghakhor 1
  • Mohsen Sarafbidabad 2
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schoo of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Obesity is always associated with chronic (low-grade) inflammation, which causes insulin-resistance in type-II diabetes mellitus. Dramatically, cholesterol level rises with starting diabetes and lower insulin level. With this increment, the statistical observations indicate a high risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Therefore, the direct relationship between these complications, which is known to be the most important cause of mortality in these patients, has led scientists to take a serious and effective look at developing strategies and methods for controlling the inflammation of the immune system. Recent findings in the field of medicinal herbals and ingredients has shown that their macromolecules, due to specific structures and viability, have a potential impact on immune function of various aspects such as controlling inflammation, and modification or suppression of specific performance; using of those medicinal plants is emphasized by the World Health Organization, too. The global extensive studies about immunological effects of plant extracts such as Saponin molecules in cedar leaf extract have led to the discovery of compounds with amazing anti-inflammatory effects. Research conducted in Iran and elsewhere on plants containing active ingredient Saponins Christine A has shown that this group of plant molecules, as significant inhibitor of phosphorylation complex, with inhibition of inhibitor IĸBα nuclear factor kappa B (IĸBα-NF-ĸb), cause to modulate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in the cytoplasm. Moreover, by disrupting the nitric oxide equilibrium in inflammatory environments, it can relieve mild tissue inflammation, which can improve obesity related to type-II diabetes mellitus and its complications. As an overall assessment of the reviewed studies, it can be concluded that the Saponins, especially molecules Saponins Christine A, can be considered seriously as a natural proimmuno-drug in treatment of inflammation of mild chronic obesity in type-II diabetes, and related complications such as insulin resistance, type-II diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and arteriosclerosis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Immunotherapy
  • Insulin Resistance
  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Hypercholesterolemic

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 38، شماره 564 - شماره پیاپی 564
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 85-98

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 مهر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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