جنبه‌های محیطی انتقال کروناویروس‌ها: یک مرور نقلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان و کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، کاشان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان و مرکز تحقیقات علوم و فن‌آوری‌های محیط زیست، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط و کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

4 استاد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: ظهور کروناویروس جدید عامل سندرم حاد تنفسی موسوم به کووید-19 (Coronavirus disease-19 یا COVID-19) در اواخر سال 2019 میلادی در چین اکنون به یک معضل جهانی تبدیل شده است. سازمان بهداشت جهانی (World Health Organization یا WHO) در ژانویه‌ی سال 2020، شیوع بیماری کووید-19 را یک وضعیت اضطراری بهداشت عمومی با موضوعی بین‌المللی معرفی کرد. ریخت‌شناسی و ساختار شیمیایی کروناویروس جدید شباهت زیادی به سایر کروناویروس‌های انسانی یعنی کروناویروس‌های عامل سندرم حاد تنفسی شدید یا سارس (Severe acute respiratory syndrome یا SARS) و سندرم تنفسی خاورمیانه یا مرس (Middle East respiratory syndrome یا MERS) دارد.روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی مروری نقلی در فروردین ماه سال 1399 انجام شد. بدین منظور، پایگاه‌های PubMed، Science Direct و Google Scholar با کلیدواژه‌های کروناویروس، سارس، مرس، کووید-19، هوا، محیط، گندزدایی، آب و فاضلاب مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. در این بررسی، عوامل محیطی مؤثر بر انتقال کروناویروس‌ها با تأکید بر میزان بقا و مقاومت در محیط‌های مختلف و همچنین، تأثیر عوامل گندزدا مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: با توجه به شواهد جمع‌آوری شده در مورد کروناویروس جدید و سایر کروناویروس‌های انسانی، انتقال این ویروس به صورت مستقیم از طریق ترشحات دهان و بینی و قطرات تنفسی و همچنین، انتقال غیر مستقیم از طریق تماس دست آلوده به ویروس با غشای مخاطی دهان، بینی و چشم صورت می‌گیرد.نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به عدم شناسایی درمان قطعی برای بیماری و نقش اساسی محیط در تداوم زنجیره‌ی انتقال کروناویروس،‌ پیش‌گیری از انتقال ویروس از طریق حفظ بهداشت محیط و قطع زنجیره‌ی انتقال ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Aspects of the Coronaviruses Transmission: A Narrative Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Gholipour 1
  • Zahra Shamsizadeh 2
  • Malihe Moazeni 3
  • Mahnaz Nikaeen 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan AND Student Research Committee, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan AND Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
3 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: The emergence of a novel coronavirus causing acute respiratory syndrome called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in late 2019 in China has now become a global concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 declared the novel coronavirus outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern. The morphology and chemical structure of the novel coronavirus are very similar to other human coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS).Methods: This narrative review was conducted from March to April 2020. Keywords of Coronavirus, SARS, MERS, COVID-19, Environment, Air, Disinfection, Water, and Wastewater were searched in important databases including PubMed, Science direct, and Google scholar. In this review, environmental factors affecting the transmission of coronaviruses were investigated with emphasis on survival and resistance in different environments as well as appropriate disinfectants for inactivation of the viruses.Findings: According to the collected evidence about the novel coronavirus and other human coronaviruses, the virus is transmitted directly through oral and nasal secretions and respiratory droplets, as well as indirect transmission through the contact of virus-contaminated hands to the mucous membrane of nose and eyes.Conclusion: Because of the lack of definitive medical treatment for the novel coronavirus and the role of environment in transmission of the virus, prevention of virus transmission via protection of environmental health and cutting off the transmission chain is essential.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coronavirus
  • COVID-19
  • Transmission
  • Environment
  • Disinfection

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 38، شماره 570 - شماره پیاپی 570
خرداد و تیر 1399
صفحه 206-215

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 فروردین 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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