فراوانی کتو اسیدوز دیابتی و هیپرگلیسمی در موارد جدید دیابت نوع 1 در کودکان بستری در بیمارستان کودکان شهر قزوین طی سال‌های 95-1385

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 پزشک عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه بیماری‌های کودکان و مرکز تحقیقات رشد کودکان، پژوهشکده‌ی پیش‌گیری از بیماری‌های غیر واگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: دیابت نوع 1، از شایع‌ترین بیماری‌های متابولیک مزمن در کودکان است. کتواسیدوز دیابتی می‌تواند اولین تظاهر دیابت نوع 1 باشد که با بروز بیماری و مرگ و میر بالایی همراه است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی فراوانی کتو اسیدوز دیابتی به عنوان اولین تظاهر دیابت نوع 1 بود.روش‌ها: موارد جدید دیابت نوع 1 که در سال‌های 95-1385 در بیمارستان کودکان قزوین بستری شده بودند، از نظر نحوه‌ی بروز بیماری بررسی شدند. اطلاعات ثبت شده در پرونده شامل سن، جنس، مورد جدید بیماری، فصل مراجعه، محل زندگی، سابقه‌ی خانوادگی ابتلا به دیابت نوع 1، نسبت والدین، علت و طول مدت بستری، زمان بهبودی از کتواسیدوز، قند خون و pH اولیه از طریق پرسش‌نامه جمع‌آوری و با نرم‌افزار SPSS واکاوی شد.یافته‌ها: از 144 مورد بررسی شده، 4/60 درصد دختر بودند. میانگین سن ابتلا 23/3 ± 38/7 سال بود. 3/84 درصد از بیماران برای اولین بار با کتو اسیدوز دیابتی و 7/15 درصد با هیپرگلیسمی مراجعه کردند. از نظر سن بروز بیماری، 7/24 درصد از بیماران زیر 5 سال، 6/24 درصد 7-5 سال و 7/50 درصد 8 سال یا بیشتر داشتند. بیشترین بروز در فصل پاییز (6/31 درصد) بود. 9/11 درصد از بیماران سابقه‌ی خانوادگی دیابت نوع 1 داشتند. میانگین قند خون بیماران 38/154 ± 91/496 میلی‌گرم/دسی‌لیتر بود. از نظر شدت کتو اسیدوز دیابتی، به ترتیب 5/2، 28 و 5/69 درصد از بیماران با کتواسیدوز خفیف، متوسط و شدید بستری شده بودند. میانگین روزهای بستری در موارد کتو اسیدوز 21/2 ± 54/7 روز و در موارد هیپرگلیسمی، 91/0 ± 66/4 روز و تفاوت بین دو گروه معنی‌دار بود (001/0 > P).نتیجه‌گیری: بروز بیشتر کتواسیدوز دیابتی در موارد جدید دیابت، نشان دهنده‌ی عدم آگاهی و تأخیر در تشخیص است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Frequency of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemia in New Cases of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children Hospital of Qazvin City, Iran, during the Years 2006 to 2016

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Homaei 1
  • Maryam Dargahi 2
  • Fatemeh Saffari 3
1 Student of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 General Practitioner, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology AND Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is the most common chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most important acute complications of T1D, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of DKA in new cases of T1D.Methods: Data from 144 new cases of T1D admitted to the children hospital of Qazvin City, Iran, between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. The studied variables included age, sex, new case of disease, season, place of living, family history of T1D, cause of admission, duration of hospitalization, recovery of DKA, blood glucose level, and arterial pH at admission. The data were collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS software.Findings: Out of 144 patients, 60.4% were girls. 84.3% of new patients admitted with DKA, and 15.7% with hyperglycemia. 24.7%, 24.6%, and 50.7% of patients were less than 5 years, 5 to 7 years, and ≥ 8 years, respectively. The highest incidence was in the autumn (31.6%). 11.9% of patients had a positive family history of T1D. The mean glucose level was 496.91 ± 154.38 mg/dl. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.38 ± 3.23 years. 2.5%, 28.0%, and 69.5% of patients had mild, moderate, and severe DKA, respectively. Mean days of hospitalization was 2.21 ± 7.54 days in ketoacidosis and 0.91 ± 4.66 in hyperglycemia, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001).Conclusion: A greater incidence of DKA in the onset of the disease was due to insufficient awareness of families about diabetes mellitus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Diabetes mellitus, type 1
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Child
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