پپتیدهای زیست‌الهام، نسل جدیدی از حامل‌های انتقال ژن

نوع مقاله : Review Article

نویسندگان

1 دستیار پژوهشی، گروه نانوبیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده‌ی علوم زیستی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه نانوبیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده‌ی علوم زیستی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقاله مروری




ژن‌درمانی، نگرش نوینی است که با رویکرد تصحیح مواد ژنتیکی ناقص یا بیان درون یاخته‌ای پروتئین‌های درمانی صورت می‌پذیرد و این مهم در گروی به‌کارگیری سیستم‌های انتقال ژن کارآ با بازدهی بالاست. با وجود پیشرفت‌های نسبی که در انتقال ژن به کمک حامل‌های ویروسی به دست آمده است اما همچنان این روش‌ها با سد‌ها و محدودیت‌هایی ازجمله ایمنی‌زایی، سمیت و ظرفیت پایین حمل ماده‌ی ژنتیکی مواجه‌اند که نیازمند تحقیقات بیشتر به ‌منظور مرتفع نمودن آن‌هاست. روش جایگزینی که بدین منظور مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد، بهره‌مندی از سامانه‌ها و حامل‌های غیرویروسی است. لیپیدها، پلیمرها، پروتئین و پپتیدهای کاتیونی ازجمله پرکاربرد‌ترین ناقل‌های غیرویروسی هستند که با وجود کارآیی کمتر در فرایند انتقال مواد ژنی، به دلیل سمیت پایین‌تر، بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. نانوحامل‌های جدید می‌بایست دارای توانایی انتقال ماده‌ی اسیدنوکلئیکی و محافظت از آن در برابر آندونوکلئاز‌ها، غلبه بر سدهای بیولوژیکی و رهایش ژن بوده و علاوه بر آن فاقد سمیت و قدرت تحریک سیستم ایمنی باشند. از جمله‌ی حامل‌های نسل جدید نانوپپتیدهای کایمریک با توانایی فشرده‌سازی مولکول اسید نوکلئیک، بهبود فرار آندوزومی آن به داخل سیتوپلاسم و کمک به ترابرد آن از سیتوزول به هسته است. در این مطالعه سعی گردیده است، مروری بر حامل‌های پپتیدی حمل‌کننده‌ی مواد ژنتیکی با تمرکز بر انواع کانژوگه‌ شده با نانوذرات صورت پذیرد؛ چراکه بدین نحو استفاده از ویژگی‌های تشخیصی و درمانی نانوذرات در کنار بهره‌مندی از پتانسیل‌های پپتید‌های حمل‌کننده‌ی مواد ژنی امکان‌پذیر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biomimetic Peptides: A New Generation of Gene Transfer Vectors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hooman Mahmoudi Aznaveh 1
  • Maryam Nikkhah 2
1 Research Assistant, Department of Nanobiotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Nanobiotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Gene therapy is a new approach that aims to modify defective genes or intracellular expression of therapeutic proteins, and this depends on the use of high-efficiency gene transfer systems. Although there have been relative successes in gene transfer through viral carriers, these methods still face limitations such as low genetic material carrying capacity, immunogenicity, and toxicity that require further research to address. An alternative method used for this purpose is to use non-viral systems and vectors. Lipids, polymers, proteins, and cationic peptides are among the most well-known non-viral systems that have received much attention due to their lower toxicity despite their lower transfection efficiency. New nano-vectors must carry the gene and protect it against degradation, overcome biological barriers, high transfection efficiencies, and gene release, and not induce toxicity and stimulate the immune system. Vectors of the new generation of chimeric nano-peptides can compress the nucleic acid molecule, accelerate the endosomal escape of the gene transferred into the cytosol, and help transport it from the cytosol to the nucleus. In this study, we review the peptide vectors that carry genetic material, focusing on the types conjugated to nanoparticles; because in this way, it will be possible to use the diagnostic and therapeutic properties of nanoparticles and take advantage of the gene-carrying peptides.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Genetic therapy
  • Gene transfer techniques
  • Cell-penetrating Peptides
  • Nanoparticles
  • Biomimetics
  • Genetic vectors

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 40، شماره 674
هفته 2 مردادماه
مرداد و شهریور 1401
صفحه 398-411

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 مرداد 1401
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