اصول حفاظت در برابر پرتوهای یونساز در جذب‌سنجی اشعه‌ی ایکس با انرژی دوگانه: یک مطالعه‌ی مروری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه فیزیک پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه فیزیک پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقاله مروری




مقدمه: جذب‌سنجی اشعه‌ی ایکس با انرژی دوگانه یا دگزا با توانایی نمایش تغییرات تراکم استخوانی به عنوان استاندارد طلایی در تشخیص پوکی استخوان و سایر بیماری‌های مرتبط با استخوان تبدیل شده است. این مقاله به بررسی و تشریح اهمیت توجه به رعایت اصول حافظت در برابر پرتوهای یون‌ساز برای گروه‌های مختلف از جمله بیماران، پرتوکاران، کودکان، زنان باردار و جنین در حین اسکن دگزا جهت بررسی وضعیت تراکم استخوان پرداخت.
روش‌ها: با توجه به تعداد محدود مقالات منتشر شده، مقالات بدون محدودیت زمانی تا سال 2024 با جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی ISI Web of Science، Science Direct، Scopus، PubMed و Google Scholar جمع‌آوری و محتوای آن‌ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: برای دستگاه‌های پرتو مدادی دگزا دوز مؤثر ناچیز و کمتر از 1 میکروسیورت است. با این حال، دوزها برای دستگاه‌های پرتو بادبزنی متناسب با مدل و سازنده دستگاه معمولاً بالاتر از 15 میکروسیورت است. برای مواجهه‌های پزشکی، هیچ محدودیتی در تعداد اسکن‌ها وجود ندارد. استفاده از یک پروتکل بالینی استاندارد و ثابت طراحی شده برای بزرگسالان منجر به مواجهه پرتویی بیش از حد در استفاده دگزا برای کودکان و نوجوانان می‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: دوزهای تابشی دگزا در قیاس با دیگر روش‌های تصویربرداری بسیار کم است با این حال، قرار گرفتن در معرض تشعشعات یونیزان خطرات بالقوه‌ای به همراه دارد و باید توجه ویژه‌ای به توجیه‌پذیری و بهینه‌سازی با در نظر گرفتن تمام اقدامات حفاظتی در برابر تشعشع برای تمام گروه‌های ذینفع انجام گیرد.

تازه های تحقیق

مهدی عسگری: Google Scholar

محمدرضا سلامت: Google Scholar

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Ionizing Radiation Protection Principles in Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry- A Review Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Asgari 1
  • Mohammad Reza Salamat 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA, has become the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases due to its ability to show changes in bone density. This article discusses the importance of following ionizing radiation safety principles during DXA scanning for various groups, including patients, radiographers, children, pregnant women, and fetuses.
Methods: Due to the limited number of published articles, data with no time limit until 2024 were collected using the ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.
Findings: The effective dose for pencil beam DXA devices is less than 1 μSv. However, doses from fan beam devices can reach up to 15 μSv, depending on the device's model and manufacturer. For medical exposures, there is no restriction on the number of scans. The use of a standard DXA clinical technique developed for adults leads to excessive radiation exposure in the use of DXA for children and adolescents.
Conclusion: Radiation doses in DXA are very low compared to other medical imaging methods. However, ionizing radiation carries potential risks, and special attention should be paid to its justification and optimization, considering all radiation protection measures for patients, radiographers, children, pregnant women, and fetuses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
  • DXA
  • Dose
  • Osteoporosis
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