نوع مقاله : Original Article(s)
تازه های تحقیق
رویا بهارلویی: Google Scholar
هادی صالحی: PubMed, Google Scholar
امید طباطبایی: Google Scholar
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Background: Educational methods influence English language learning and may affect physiological markers. This study compared spaced versus massed learning effects on salivary cortisol and glucose in Iranian language learners.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 118 beginner learners (60 male, 58 female) from Shahreza high schools were randomly selected. After a placement test, baseline saliva samples were collected. Participants were divided into spaced learning (n = 60, age 13.4 ± 0.5) and massed learning (n = 58, age 13.8 ± 0.4) groups. The spaced group learned 30 phonetic items in session 1 with review one week later. The massed group learned 15 new items per session without review. Post-intervention saliva samples were analyzed for cortisol (ELISA) and glucose, one-way ANCOVA for analysis (P < 0.05).
Findings: Massed learning showed significantly higher cortisol (5.68 ng/mL vs 4.59 ng/mL, P < 0.05) but insignificantly higher glucose levels (7.74 vs 7.38 mg/dL, P > 0.05) compared to spaced learning, indicating greater stress response.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that massed learning may increase anxiety and negatively impact health, while spaced learning appears less stressful. These findings can guide educators in selecting optimal teaching methods.
کلیدواژهها English