مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان

مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان

محور میکروبیوم-روده-مغز: مروری بر بینش‌های نوین در پاتوفیزیولوژی و درمان هدفمند اختلالات عصبی

نوع مقاله : Review Article

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه روانپزشکی، فلوشیپ پزشکی روان‌تنی و سایکوانکولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، بیمارستان خورشید، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 دکتری میکروبیولوژی، گروه میکروبیولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فلاورجان، اصفهان، ایران
3 کارشناسی ارشد بهداشت و ایمنی مواد غذایی، گروه تغذیه، دانشکده‌ی بهداشت و تغذیه، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران
10.48305/jims.v44.i857.0514
چکیده
مقدمه: میکروارگانیسم‌ها به‌عنوان ساکنان دیرینه‌ی کره زمین، نقش محوری در تکامل و عملکرد فیزیولوژیک بدن انسان دارند. در این میان، محور میکروبیوم-روده-مغز به‌عنوان یک شبکه‌ی ارتباطی پیچیده و دوسویه بین دستگاه گوارش و سیستم عصبی مرکزی شناخته می‌شود که در دو دهه اخیر به کانون توجه تحقیقات بین‌رشته‌ای تبدیل شده است.
روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی مروری به بررسی ارتباط محور میکروبیوم روده- مغز پرداخته است. با انجام جستجوی جامع در پایگاه‌های داده داخلی و بین‌المللی (1394-1404)، معیارهای ورود شامل: ۱) مطالعات مروری محور میکروبیوم روده- مغز، ۲) پژوهش‌های بالینی تأثیر میکروبیوم بر سیستم عصبی، ۳) مرورهای سیستماتیک مکانیسم‌های بیماری‌زایی، ۴) مطالعات درمان اختلالات عصبی از طریق مداخلات روده- مغز بود. از 147 مقاله اولیه، پس از غربالگری 112 مقاله واجد شرایط شناسایی شد و نهایتاً 100 مقاله در تحلیل نهایی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که اختلال در تعادل میکروبیوم روده (دیس‌بیوز) با طیف وسیعی از اختلالات عصبی- روانی از جمله بیماری‌های آلزایمر، پارکینسون، مالتیپل اسکلروزیس (MS)، اختلالات طیف اوتیسم و افسردگی ارتباط معنا‌داری دارد. این یافته‌ها نه‌تنها بر نقش حیاتی میکروبیوم در پاتوفیزیولوژی بیماری‌های عصبی تأکید می‌کنند، بلکه رویکردهای نوینی را در زمینه مداخلات درمانی هدفمند پیشنهاد می‌دهند.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه‌ی مروری نشان داد که تعدیل میکروبیوم روده از طریق توسعه درمان‌های نوین مانند پروبیوتیک‌های نسل جدید، پیوند میکروبیوتا مدفوع (FMT) و مداخلات غذایی هدفمند می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهبردهای امیدبخش در مدیریت بیماری‌های عصبی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. این مطالعه چارچوبی مفهومی برای تحقیقات آتی در راستای کشف نشانگرهای زیستی میکروبیومی و طراحی پروتکل‌های درمانی فردمحور فراهم ‌آورد.

تازه های تحقیق

محمدرضا شعربافچی:  PubMedGoogle Scholar

عاطفه بیات: Google Scholar

ضیاءالدین کشاورزپور: Google Scholar

فاطمه صفری: Google Scholar

کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: A Review on Novel Insights into Pathophysiology and Targeted Therapy of Neurological Disorders

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Reza Sharbafchi 1
Atefeh Bayat 2
Ziyaaddin Keshavarzpour 3
Fatemeh Safari 2
1 Associate Professor, Behavioural Sciences Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 PhD in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Fal.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 MSc in Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health & Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Microorganisms, as ancient inhabitants of Earth, play a pivotal role in human evolution and physiological function. Among their various interactions, the gut microbiome-brain axis has emerged as a complex, bidirectional communication network between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Over the past two decades, this axis has become a focal point of interdisciplinary research.
Methods: This review study investigated the gut-brain microbiome axis. Through a comprehensive search of national and international databases (2015-2025), the inclusion criteria consisted of: 1) review studies on the gut-brain microbiome axis, 2) clinical research examining the impact of microbiome on the nervous system, 3) systematic reviews of pathogenetic mechanisms, and 4) studies on treating neurological disorders through gut-brain interventions. From an initial pool of 147 articles, 112 met the eligibility criteria after screening, with 100 articles ultimately included in the final analysis.
Results: The analysis revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis is significantly associated with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), autism spectrum disorders, and depression. These findings not only underscore the microbiome's critical role in neuropathophysiology but also propose novel approaches for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Discussion: This review study demonstrated that modulating the gut microbiome through novel therapeutic approaches, such as next-generation probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and targeted dietary interventions, can serve as promising strategies for managing neurological disorders. Additionally, the study provides a conceptual framework for future research aimed at discovering microbiome-based biomarkers and designing personalized treatment protocols.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Microbiome-gut-brain axis
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Probiotics
Dysbiosis
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دوره 44، شماره 857
هفته 1، خرداد
خرداد و تیر 1405
صفحه 514-527

  • تاریخ دریافت 25 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 08 تیر 1405