بررسی فراوانی آنمی فقر ‌آهن و عوامل مؤثر بر ایجاد آن در گروهی از کودکان سنین پیش از ‌دبستان در شهر اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله های پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه کودکان، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشجوی پزشکی، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دکتری تخصصی، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده‌ی مدیریت، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

4 پزشک عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

5 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات رشد و نمو کودکان، پژوهشکده‌ی پیش‌گیری اولیه از بیماری‌های غیر واگیر، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: آنمی ‌فقر‌ آهن، از مشکلات سلامت عمومی جهان و شایع‌ترین علت آنمی در جهان است. شیوع آن در کودکان قبل از سنین مدرسه در خاورمیانه 75-17 درصد می‌باشد. تشخیص و درمان این نوع از آنمی، می‌تواند اثرات مثبتی بر رشد جسمی و ذهنی کودکان داشته ‌باشد. اولین قدم در پیش‌گیری، تشخیص و درمان آنمی ‌فقر آهن، غربالگری است. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی فراوانی نسبی آنمی ‌فقر‌ آهن بر اساس سطح فریتین در کودکان 6-2 سال در شهر اصفهان بود.روش‌ها: این مطالعه‌ی مقطعی بر 257 کودک 6-2 سال در شهر اصفهان انجام شد. اطلاعات مربوط به سن و جنس، قد و وزن توسط پزشک خانه‌ی بهداشت در فرم مخصوص به هر کودک ثبت گردید. سطح هموگلوبین و فریتین در هر کودک، از طریق بررسی آزمایشگاهی اندازه‌گیری و فراوانی نسبی آنمی فقر آهن تعیین گردید.یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه، 257 کودک با میانگین سنی 47/1 ± 90/3 سال بررسی شدند که 128 نفر (8/49 درصد) پسر و 129 نفر (2/50 درصد) دختر بودند. بر اساس مطالعه‌ی صورت گرفته، شیوع آنمی‌ فقر آهن در کودکان پیش از دبستان 8/14 درصد گزارش گردید. بین فقر آهن و جنسیت در کودکان رابطه‌ی معنی‌داری وجود نداشت، اما بین سطح فریتین و وزن، ارتباط معکوسی وجود داشت (007/0 = P) و با افزایش شاخص توده‌ی بدنی، آنمی فقر آهن افزایش یافته است (010/0 = P). همچنین، مشخص گردید که افراد در گروه سنی 5-2 سال نسبت به گروه سنی 6 سال، کمتر به آنمی فقر آهن مبتلا هستند (002/0 = P).نتیجه‌گیری: آنمی فقر آهن در کودکان شایع است و با افزایش سن، شیوع آن افزایش می‌یابد. مطالعات بیشتر در جهت یافتن مناسب‌ترین مداخلات جهت درمان و پیش‌گیری از این نوع آنمی پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Prevalence and Determinants of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Sample of Preschool-Aged Children in Isfahan City, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Sadinejad 1
  • Mohammad Hasan Izadian 2
  • Zeinab Izadian 3
  • Mohammad Reza Janghorban 4
  • Roya Kelishadi 5
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 PhD, Department of Education Management, School of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
4 General Practitioner, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5 Professor, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a public health problem and the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is 17-75 percent in preschool children in the Middle East. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of disease in initial stages can result in normal physical and mental growth of the children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 2-6-year-old Iranian children based on their serum ferritin level.Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 257 children with age of 2-6 years. Data about age, gender, weight, and height of participants were recorded; the serum levels of hemoglobin and ferritin were evaluated; and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was calculated.Findings: 257 children with mean age of 3.90 ± 1.47 years were assessed that 49.8% were boy. There was not significant relationship between iron deficiency anemia and gender. Ferritin level had inverse association with weight (P = 0.007) and 2-5-year-old children had less level of ferritin (P = 0.002). Iron deficiency anemia was more prevalent in children with higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.010).Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is prevalent in children and increases by ages. More researches to investigate the optimal intervention for treating and preventing this type of anemia are needed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iron-deficiency anemia
  • Child
  • Preschool
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