1. Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Bechara M, Audi M, LM GC, Buchain D. Myokines: a descriptive review. J Sports Med Phys Fitnes 2020; 60(12): 1583-90.
2. Tsuchida KM. Signal Crosstalk between Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. Austin J Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 3: 1-2.
3. Vernerová L, Horváthová V, Kropáčková T, Vokurková M, Klein M, Tomčík M, et al. Alterations in activin A–myostatin–follistatin system associate with disease activity in inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59(9): 2491-501.
4. Ismaeel A, Kim J-S, Kirk JS, Smith RS, Bohannon WT, Koutakis P. Role of transforming growth factor-β in skeletal muscle fibrosis: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20(10): 2446.
5. Cornish SM, Bugera EM, Duhamel TA, Peeler JD, Anderson JE. A focused review of myokines as a potential contributor to muscle hypertrophy from resistance-based exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120(5): 941-59.
6. Sheida V, Fathi M, Mir E. The effect of core stabilization exercise on the serum level of activin a and back performance scale in elderly women with chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial [in Persian]. Studies in Medical Sciences 2020; 30(11): 867-75.
7. Bautmans I, Njemini R, Vasseur S, Chabert H, Moens L, Demanet C, et al. Biochemical changes in response to intensive resistance exercise training in the elderly. Gerontology 2005; 51(4): 253-65.
8. Schober-Halper B, Hofmann M, Oesen S, Franzke B, Wolf T, Strasser E-M, et al. Elastic band resistance training influences transforming growth factor-ß receptor I mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells of institutionalised older adults: The Vienna Active Ageing Study (VAAS). Immun Ageing 2016; 13: 22.
9. Sandri M. Signaling in muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2008; 23: 160-70.
10. Iraki J, Fitschen P, Espinar S, Helms E. Nutrition recommendations for bodybuilders in the off-season: A narrative review. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7(7): 154.
11. Larson-Meyer DE, Krason RK, Meyer LM. Weight gain recommendations for athletes and military personnel: a critical review of the evidence. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11(2): 225-39.
12. Ataeinosrat A, Saeidi A, Abednatanzi H, Rahmani H, Daloii AA, Pashaei Z, et al. Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13: 895512.
13. Grgic J, Lazinica B, Schoenfeld BJ, Pedisic Z. Test–retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength assessment: a systematic review. Sports Med Open 2020; 6(1): 31.
14. Abdul-Hameed U, Rangra P, Shareef MY, Hussain ME. Reliability of 1-repetition maximum estimation for upper and lower body muscular strength measurement in untrained middle aged type 2 diabetic patients. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 3(4): 267-73.
15. Ahmadi Kani Golzar F, Sheikholeslami Vatani D, Kashkooli V, Moradi H, Farhangian M. The effects of whey protein isolate supplement and strength training on weight loss, body composition, strength and muscle hypertrophy in overweight young men [in Persian]. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2012; 7(2): 37-46.
16. Kasraei H, Kargaefard M, Nazarali P, Nobari H, Zare A. The effects of combined exercise with and without diet on plasma inflammatory biomarkers and endothelial dysfunction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes [in Persian]. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 2019; 18(4): 207-20.
17. Leidy HJ, Clifton PM, Astrup A, Wycherley TP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Luscombe-Marsh ND, et al. The role of protein in weight loss and maintenance. The Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101(6): 1320S-9S.
18. Guarneiri LL, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC. Protein, fiber, and exercise: a narrative review of their roles in weight management and cardiometabolic health. Lipids Health Dis 2025; 24: 237.
19. Griffen C, Duncan M, Hattersley J, Weickert MO, Dallaway A, Renshaw D. Effects of resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation on skeletal muscle strength, mass, physical function, and hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy active older men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 158: 111651.
20. Shafabakhsh SR, Kazemzadeh Y, Shirvani H, Shanjani SM, Sedaghati S. Investigating the impact of resistance training on myokines gene expression in the skeletal muscle of rats [in Persian]. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci 2024; 32(3): 7660-72.
21. Kanzleiter T, Rath M, Görgens SW, Jensen J, Tangen DS, Kolnes AJ, et al. The myokine decorin is regulated by contraction and involved in muscle hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450(2): 1089-94.
22. Bugera EM, Duhamel TA, Peeler JD, Cornish SM. The systemic myokine response of decorin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) to an acute bout of blood flow restricted exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118(12): 2679-86.
23. Vosadi E, Gholami F, Mortazavi E. Effect of eight weeks of exercise with different intensities on the gene expression of decorin and muscular TGF-β in the male adult rats [in Persian]. J Ilam Univ Med Sci 2021; 29(2): 86-94.
24. Afzali M, Kazemi A. The effect of HIIT before and after hindlimb suspension on the gene expression of MSTN and ActrIIB in skeletal muscle of male Wistar rats [in Persian]. EBNESINA. 2024; 26(3): 37-49.
25. Morianos I, Papadopoulou G, Semitekolou M, Xanthou G. Activin-A in the regulation of immunity in health and disease. J Autoimmun 2019; 104: 102314.
26. Katayoshi T, Kusano Y, Shibata T, Uchida K, Tsuji-Naito K. Low-molecular-weight whey proteins promote collagen production in dermal fibroblasts via the TGF-β receptor/Smad pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85(11): 2232-40.
27. Hooshmand-Moghadam B, Johne M, Golestani F, Lorenz K, Asad M, Maculewicz E, et al. Effects of soy milk ingestion immediately after resistance training on muscular-related biomarkers in older males: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Sport 2023; 40(4): 1207-17.
28. Schneider M, Dillinger AE, Ohlmann A, Iozzo RV, Fuchshofer R. Decorin—an antagonist of TGF-β in astrocytes of the optic nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(14): 7660.
29. Walpurgis K, Weigand T, Knoop A, Thomas A, Reichel C, Dellanna F, et al. Detection of follistatin‐based inhibitors of the TGF‐β signaling pathways in serum/plasma by means of LC‐HRMS/MS and Western blotting. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12(11-12): 1636-48.
