1. Kasnakova P, Tornyova B, Paskaleva T. Importance of posturology as prevention and intervention for musculoskeletal and spinal deformities. J IMAB-Annu Proceeding (Scientific Pap 2025; 31(1): 5974–7.
2. Iordan D-A, Mușat CL, Neagu SG, Nicoleta N-Ș, et al. Postural Disorders of the Spine in Children and Adolescents: Risk Factors and the Effectiveness of Corrective Interventions. Balneo and PRM Research Journal 2025; 16 (4): 922.
3. Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, et al. The relationship between forward head posture and neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2019; 12(4): 562–77.
4. Lee J-H. Effects of forward head posture on static and dynamic balance control. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28(1): 274–7.
5. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Betz JJ, Janik TJ, et al. Increasing the cervical lordosis with chiropractic biophysics seated combined extension-compression and transverse load cervical traction with cervical manipulation: nonrandomized clinical control trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003; 26(3): 139–51.
6. Singla D, Veqar Z. Association between forward head, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis: a review of the literature. J Chiropr Med 2017; 16(3): 220–9.
7. Hoy D, Geere J-A, Davatchi F, Meggitt B, et al. A time for action: opportunities for preventing the growing burden and disability from musculoskeletal conditions in low-and middle-income countries. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28(3): 377–93.
8. Kamolthip R, Yang YN, Latner JD, O'Brien KS, et al. The effect of time spent sitting and excessive gaming on the weight status, and perceived weight stigma among Taiwanese young adults. Heliyon 2023; 9(3): e14298.
9. Sepehri S, Sheikhhoseini R, Piri H, Sayyadi P. The effect of various therapeutic exercises on forward head posture, rounded shoulder, and hyperkyphosis among people with upper crossed syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25(1): 105.
10. Park JS, Kim CH. Ground-Reaction-Force-Based Gait Analysis and Its Application to Gait Disorder Assessment: New Indices for Quantifying Walking Behavior. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22(19): 7558.
11. Yu L, Mei Q, Xiang L, Liu W, et al. Principal Component Analysis of the Running Ground Reaction Forces With Different Speeds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9: 629809.
12. Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system. Mosby; 2019.
13. Kendall F, McCreary E, Provance P. Muscles, testing and function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26(8): 1070.
14. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ 2007; 335(7624): 806–8.
15. Porwal S, Rizvi MR, Sharma A, Ahmad F, Alshahrani MS, Raizah A, et al. Enhancing Functional Ability in Chronic Nonspecific Lower Back Pain: The Impact of EMG-Guided Trunk Stabilization Exercises. Healthcare 2023; 11(15):2153.
16. Jaafarnejad A, Amirzade N, Heseinpour A, Siahkouhian M, et al. Evaluation of Frequency Spectrum of Ground Reaction Force during Walking on Sand and Flat Surface in Individuals with Pronated Foot [in Persian]. J Rehab Med 2020; 9(3): 93–101.
17. Anbarian M, Hosseinimehr SH, Mohammadnazari Z. Comparison of electrical activity of selected trunk and thigh muscles in forward and backward bending with different loads in people with and without chronic low back pain [in Persian]. Studies in Medical Sciences 2023; 34(3): 158–68.
18. Darwesh AA, Abdelrahman S, Fahmy E, Heneidy S, et al. Impact of cranio-vertebral angle on the severity of cervicogenic dizziness and cervical proprioception in cervical radiculopathy patients: a case controlled study. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 2025; 61(1): 61.
19. Robertson G, Caldwell G, Hamill J, Kamen G, Whittlesey S. Research methods in biomechanics. 1st ed. Champaign, IL: Human kinetics; 2013.
20. Almosnino S, Kajaks T, Costigan PA. The free moment in walking and its change with foot rotation angle. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol 2009; 1(1): 19.
21. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavior science: Lawrance Eribaum association. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers; 1988.
22. Minoonejad H, Mousavi SH, Daylamizadeh M. Comparison of Kinematic Risk Patterns Associated with ACL Injury During an Unanticipated Cutting Maneuver in Athletes with and without Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain. Journal of Advanced Sport Technology 2023; 7(3): 38–47.
23. Schultz BB. Levene's test for relative variation. Systematic Zoology 1985; 34(4): 449–56.
24. Lin G, Zhao X, Tao Z, Wang W. Gait biomechanics and postural adaptations in forward head posture: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2025; 26(1): 754.
25. Kang JH, Park RY, Lee SJ, Kim JY, et al. The effect of the forward head posture on postural balance in long time computer based worker. Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 36(1): 98–104.
26. Uluğ N, Begen S, Karahan ZC, Yılmaz S. Does Head Posture Alter Gait Parameters and Symmetry in Young Adults with Forward Head Posture? A Cross-Sectional Study. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2025; 10(3): 464–9.