بررسی ارتباط کربوهیدرات رژیم غذایی و سندرم متابولیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تغذیه، گروه تغذیه‌ی جامعه، دانشکده‌ی تغذیه و علوم غذایی و کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات امنیت غذایی، گروه تغذیه‌ی جامعه، دانشکده‌ی تغذیه و علوم غذایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: تغییرات سبک زندگی افراد جامعه به خصوص تغییرات رژیم غذایی و کاهش فعالیت‌های فیزیکی باعث افزایش روز افزون سندرم متابولیک گردیده است. نقش رژیم غذایی در اتیولوژی سندرم متابولیک کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است و مطالعات اندکی در این زمینه در کشور انجام شده است. هدف مطالعه‌ی حاضر بررسی ارتباط کربوهیدرات دریافتی رژیم غذایی با بروز سندرم متابولیک بود.روش‌ها: با استفاده از موتور جستجوی Pubmed و واژگان کلیدی مانند Metabolic syndrome، Carbohydrate، Carbohydrate score، Refine grain و Whole grain مقالات با طراحی‌های مقطعی، کارآزمایی بالینی، کوهورت آینده‌نگر انتخاب شدند.یافته‌ها: بر اساس نتایج مطالعات بین دریافت غلات کامل با کاهش اجزای سندرم متابولیک از جمله چاقی شکمی، حساسیت به انسولین و دیس‌لپیدمی ارتباط وجود دارد و مصرف غلات تصفیه شده باعث شیوع بیشتر سندرم متابولیک می‌شود. بین درصد دریافت کربوهیدرات و چربی نسبت به کل انرژی دریافتی و افزایش خطر سندرم متابولیک ارتباط مستقیم دیده می‌شود.نتیجه‌گیری: ارتباط معکوس بین مصرف غلات کامل با سندرم متابولیک در حقیقت بیان‌گر اثرات محافظتی اجزای متشکله‌ی غلات کامل می‌باشد. عدم توجه به میزان و کیفیت کربوهیدرات مصرفی خطر ابتلا به بیماری‌های مزمن را افزایش می‌دهد. افرادی که درصد بیشتری از انرژی روزانه‌ی خود را کربوهیدرات یا چربی دریافت می‌کنند بیشتر در معرض ابتلا به سندرم متابولیک هستند. می‌توان گفت کاهش بار گلایسمیک در رژیم غذایی و جایگزین کردن غلات کامل، میوه و سبزی و استفاده از منابع گیاهی چربی و پروتئین به جای کربوهیدرات‌های تصفیه شده با بار گلایسمیک بالا به کنترل و کاهش بیماری‌های مزمن از جمله چاقی، سندرم متابولیک، دیابت و بیماری‌های قلبی-عروقی کمک می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Association between Carbohydrate Intake and Metabolic Syndrome

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Shirani 1
  • Leila Azadbakht 2
1 MSc Student, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science And Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Changes in lifestyle such as change in diet and physical inactivity have increased the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The role of diet composition in the etiology of metabolic syndrome has not been studied thoroughly and few observational studies in Iran were conducted in this regard. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.Methods: We searched PubMed databases using metabolic syndrome, carbohydrate, dietary carbohydrate scores, whole grain, and refined grain as keywords. Cross-sectional, clinical trial, and prospective cohort studies were included in this review.Findings: Based on previous studies, an inverse association exists between whole grain intake and components of metabolic syndrome such as abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, refined-grain intake is positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. A positive association was also observed between the percentage of carbohydrate and fat to total energy intake and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The inverse association between whole grain intake and metabolic syndrome indicated the protective effect of constituents of whole grain. Subjects with higher intake of carbohydrate or fat exhibited a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Recommendations to reduce glycemic load in diet and using whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and vegetable sources of fat and protein instead of refined carbohydrates may reduce the risk of chronic diseases including obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Carbohydrate
  • Dietary carbohydrate scores
  • Whole grain
  • Refined grain

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مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
دوره 29، شماره 157 - شماره پیاپی 157
آذر و دی 1390
صفحه 1563-1574

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 آذر 1390
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 فروردین 1401

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